For those who aren’t tech savvy, the word “source code” refers to the so-to-speak “recipe” for the development/creation of a program.  It is literally the instructions that are more or less written by computer programmers.  This kind of information is proprietary and is often a trade secret, much like the coveted ingredients list for Coca Cola or my moms apple pie.  If one were able to obtain such information, say a competator or the creators of compuer viruses, one might use this information to one-up the software or, more importantly, exploit design flaws to circumvent the software.  In short this means it is quite likely there will be a new breed of viruses on the horizon that will be capable of outsmarting Norton, rendering it useless and crippled.

Symantec has been trying to downplay the severity of this breach by stressing the age of the code, stating that the origin is a version of their software that dates back to 2006, or so we’ve been told thus far.  This is an attempt to defuse the concern by implying that their latest software is far different at its core and that there won’t be very much that is useful to virus writers because they still don’t have their hands on the latest blueprints.  But the reality of the situation is far less peachy than they would like to paint it.  In the world of computer programming software and even entire operating systems will retain a fair chunk of old code from previous versions simply because, well, it’s already been written and if it “works” then there’s little need to rewrite it from scratch.  I’m not saying source code is never rewritten, revised or updated from time to time, but when it comes to large programs such as Norton Antivirus that’s made up of tens of thousands of lines of code it could easily be argued that there is likely a good percentage of old code that has been retained for years without ever being modified.  It would be like having a castle or fortress that is under continuous construction and maintenance.  You can’t afford to tear the whole thing down every year and rebuild it from scratch, so instead what you do is build around and upon the existing structure and make repairs to the parts that need repairing the most.  This means that likely most of the fundamental structure is retained and knowledge of the construction of such a structure could be used by an enemy to find a previously unnoticed vulnerability.

In the interest of full disclosure I will have to admit that Norton hasn’t been on my list of recommended software since the late 90s when it was practically the only anti-virus software available.  It’s early bird status was followed by years of successful marketing and advertising, which lead to its continuous wide spread recognition of the software/brand name, giving the impression to novice computer users that Norton really is the best thing out there.  ”How could it not be good when its so popular?” they might ask themselves.

I am here to tell you that the number one problem I fix for people in this line of work is virus removal and far too often I see systems that are running Norton that have become utterly trashed by multiple viruses while Norton gives inaccurate scan results, claiming the system is clean and virus free.  This is particularly irksome to me because when you consider the wide spread saturation of their software along with the monetary cost to the users for the renewal every year you would have to expect the company to use their position and resources to everyones benefit.  Despite its wide spread usage and price tag it fails to survey new viruses and develop new definitions for capturing and stopping them in an effective manner and so many users never seem to get their moneys worth.  I am willing to give the benefit of the doubt and accept the fact that there is no such thing as a “perfect” antivirus software, but you should expect to be given better treatment and results if you’re paying upwards of $70 a year for protection, especially when there are free alternatives out there that have been statistically shown to do a comparatively better job.  And to think these kinds of problems existed before some of their source code leaked.  Now that some source code has leaked and the potential for new viruses to be developed to exploit Norton itself are likely right around the corner I feel obligated to suggest that people avoid using it all together.  No amount of marketing or PR can change the consensus of most IT professionals who can see past all the BS and to me this incident is more than just one more nail in the coffin.

So what do I recommend instead of Norton?  I mentioned that there is “no such thing as a perfect antivirus” but there are alternatives that hold a higher reputation than Norton that cost a fraction of what Norton costs or even nothing at all.  In past blog entries I’ve mentioned Microsoft Security Essentials, Malwarebytes and Combofix and still recommend them, so here’s a little information about them.

Microsoft Security Essentials is a free antivirus solution that Microsoft itself actually produces and it’s quite popular in the IT community right now for a couple of reasons.  I already mentioned that its free but it is also effective and not as resource intensive as other software.  There’s also a new stand-alone bootable version of it that’s going through public beta testing right now which is handy to have for particularly difficult viruses.  You can read more about it here.  Be aware that there has, in the past, been a rogue malware impostor simply called “Security Essentials 2010/2011/2012″ which people have confused with the real deal, falling victim to a trap.  You can download the real deal from here.

Along side MSE I also recommend users purchase the full copy of Malwarebytes for the one time payment of $25.  Some of the handy features it has is an active connection monitor which will automatically block your computer from attempting to connect to known malicious web servers.  It also features an active process monitor like a traditional antivirus and will help prevent a good number of rogue malware type software from infecting your system.  There is a free version of this available but its active monitoring features are disabled. I’ve been using it in the field for over 2 years now and it has worked incredibly well for helping clean systems that had already become infected.  You can read more about it here and download/purchase it from here.

Finally a tool I use quite often to help clean systems that have already become infected is a program called Combofix, which is free.  This isn’t so much a traditional antivirus that runs in the background as it is a stand-alone utility for scanning a system after it has become infected.  It is regularly updated so it’s best to not bother downloading and using it until you actually have to.  You can read more about it here and download it from here.

In conclusion I strongly advise my clients to not use Norton Antivirus because it’s one of the most over-hyped, over-priced products out there right now and with the news of parts of its source code being leaked it only stands to become an even less effective product that will do less to protect you than other cheaper alternatives out there.

Speaking of alternatives, there is always the option of picking an alternative operating system such as Linux.

Linux is a free open-source OS that comes in many flavors.  We are already seeing Android being adopted by smartphone and tablet users like crazy and it is just one example of a Linux based OS that is taking the world by storm.  But for desktop and laptop users there remains a need for a full fledged desktop OS and there are many out there to choose from.  My personal favorite is Ubuntu Linux which you can check out at ubuntu.com.  It’s not for everyone but I can easily say that it is a very ideal choice for the average user.  Keep an eye out for future posts; I intend to record a new introductory video for Ubuntu 12.04 when it is released this coming April.

• Kaspersky TDSSKiller
• Avast Anti-Rootkit

I don’t write blogs much these days but if there’s one thing I’ve learned about writing blogs the golden rule is to make them useful and valuable to people.  As a sort of philanthropic gesture I am now going to reveal a few tricks I use in the field when repairing systems that have already become infected with viruses or malware.  Perhaps these tips will save you some money during these dark economic times.  I can’t promise that these tips will work for you but for the DIY user who’s not afraid to get their hands dirty, it might prove to be very useful.  So lets get right to it:

Phase 1:  Safe Mode (with networking?)

Almost every version of Windows out there (from Windows 95 all the way up to the most recent Windows 7) have a hidden menu you can access at boot that gives you access to a diagnostic profile called Safe Mode.  Safe Mode is a sort of back door mode into Windows that loads the absolute (or nearly) bare minimum of device drivers and background services.  It’s sort of a bare bones environment that is suitable to start your repair from primarily because most viruses aren’t auto-started by the system in this mode, but it’s not perfect.  More on that in a moment.

To access Safe Mode you need to press the F8 key on your keyboard at a VERY specific time.  Typically when you turn your computer on you’ll see a screen that either has the logo of the manufacture of the PC or perhaps some generic startup relating to your BIOS.  At some point that all goes away, your screen will be black for about 3 seconds, and then Windows will proceed to boot with the little scroll bar loading away.  It’s during (or just before) that 3 second window of blackness that you need to start tapping the F8 key.  If done correctly, you’ll be presented with a menu that looks like this:

You’ll use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move the highlighting selector bar.  Typically I will select Safe Mode With Networking, as this allows me to access the Internet and download utilities as well as give these utilities access to definition updates for itself later.

After you select Safe Mode With Networking and press Enter your screen will be bombarded with a slathering of strange and mysterious words…

Don’t worry, this is normal.  (Note: If instead of this screen above you get another menu asking what version of Windows you want to boot, just press Enter again).

Eventually you will get to the familiar blue colored user login screen and you might see an account called Administrator shown there that you’ve never seen before.  If you do, go ahead and select it to log in as “Administrator”.  Otherwise, select your own user name.

Once you’re logged in you have a few options you can take.  The safest way to get started is to actually bring a copy of your utility software with you on a thumb drive or CD to install it from, instead of downloading via a web browser.  The reason it’s not a good idea to try and download via a web browser is because a lot of viruses tend to wrap themselves around a browser’s EXE file so that when the browser starts, so does the virus.  This could potentially happen with a lot of other software so it’s best to try and resist the temptation to run any programs except for the cleaning utilities we’re about to install.

Phase 2:  Cleaning

There are only three pieces of software I typically use with great success in the field for removing viruses and malware.  They are:

• Malwarebytes
• Combofix
• Microsoft Security Essentials

All of the above are free with the exception of Malwarebytes, which functions with all its features on a 30 day trial when you first install it (note that you will see an error message appear when you tell it to start the trial while in Safe Mode; this is normal and you can ignore the error by clicking the OK button when it appears).  To keep the full version running you have to buy it for the low one-time payment of $25 and I strongly recommend it.  Apart from these three the only other tool I use is Google, which I’ll use to lookup exact phrases found within suspicious malware to see if I can find other people talking about that particular virus somewhere online and hopeful discover what unique thing they did to remove it.  Fair warning:  Your mileage may vary.

I typically start by installing Malwarebytes first (however I have had one experience where I wasn’t able to do this until after I ran Combofix so you might need to flip the order of these two tasks), applying the most recent update for it and then running a full scan, removing all infected objects it finds.  A typical scan can take around a half hour to do.  When it’s finished, you just need to click the “Show Results” button and then make sure the results listed all have check marks next to them and then click “Remove Selected” in the bottom left.  If an object doesn’t have a check mark when you first view the results it means Malwarebytes thinks it could be a false-positive result.  Use your best judgment and google to determine if either the file is malicious and/or if the file is a necessary part that can be removed without grief.  A reboot will likely be required when it is finished.  Be ready to hit F8 again when you do this so you can come back into Safe Mode and continue your work.

One thing I’ll often do while I’m waiting for a Malwarebytes scan to complete is take a look at the MS Config utility and see what items are enabled to auto-start when you boot into the system.  To access this, click Start, then click Run (or just click into the search box if you’re using Windows 7) and type in “msconfig” without the quotes into the box and click OK.  Then click the Startup tab at the top.

In this startup list are programs that are told to run right away when you first log into your system.  Almost all of these items are non-essential and to be on the safest side you could probably get away with unchecking all of these items, but that’s usually overkill and might rob you of some convenient feature you’d like to have.  Look carefully down the list for items that have empty path names, or very bizarre characters in their name… I have to admit that at this point experience with this stuff comes in to play.  If you don’t know what something is you could look it up by name with google on a separate computer before deciding to uncheck it  Alternatively, you could use the uncheck-all-the-things strategy and then go back later to add check marks back into the few items you know you need enabled.  You can also check out the Services tab which is to the left of the Startup tab, check the box that says “Hide all Microsoft items” and then use the same judgment to decide if there are third-party services running in the background that don’t need to be.  Google is your friend here for helping to determine if a service is useful or not.

Another thing I’ll do while waiting for a scan to complete is open the Add/Remove Program (Programs & Features) applet from the Control Panel to view all the software that’s been installed on the system.  I target toolbars of any kind first, next by software that is unfamiliar to the user.  Again, google is a useful reference here because you don’t want to remove something that’s known to not be malicious.

The next step is to run Combofix which you can find a tutorial about by clicking here.  It is pretty strait forward:  double-click on the combofix.exe file that you downloaded and follow the on screen instructions.  It’s own scan will also take about 30 minutes or so but it is very sensitive so once you kick it off, don’t touch the computer until its finished.   There is almost no interaction required with the software and it will automatically remove anything malicious it finds, producing a log with a lot of interesting jargon at the end that you can forward on to an expert for further analysis if you’d like.

After all this I’ll typically reboot the system and let it boot normally and then install Microsoft Security Essentials, running a full scan with it right after and checking to make sure the trial mode has been enabled on Malwarebytes.

If all of the above didn’t work, something I’ll try next is to reboot back into safe mode and use the control panel to create a new user account, then log off and log back in under that new account and repeat all the same steps above.  The reason this might help is because viruses tend to damage registry entries for accounts that existed when it found and infected the system.  Because we’re creating a new account in an environment that hopefully didn’t auto-launch the virus, we can then create a fresh account with it’s own default settings and preferences that hopefully won’t be manipulated by the virus.  This kind of problem could also be reversed using the System Restore utility but I’ve found that a lot of times (not always) I try to use this utility none of the restore points are any good.  I wouldn’t be surprised if previous restore points are destroyed by certain viruses making it even more difficult to undo the damage done.  In situations like that I’ve occasionally just created a new user account and migrated all the important user data (documents, etc.) from the old account to the new account, deleting the old one in the end because it’s irreversibly broken.

One last tip I’ve run across in a training video for a competitor of mine who will remain unnamed is to shut the system off by force instead of doing a soft reboot during this cleaning process.  In other words, hold the power button down for 5 seconds and then turn the computer back on after 20 seconds.  The reasoning behind this is that there are a few viruses out there that alter the shutdown script of events that take place during an ordinary shutdown and one of the events it injects into the script is to reinstall the virus during shutdown from a rogue location, as a Plan B so even if the live version of the virus is caught and removed it might be able to recreate the file from an encrypted copy of itself elsewhere.  If you decide to do this my only advice would be to backup the entire hard drive before doing so.  It’s technically dangerous… but probably not THAT dangerous… it’s best to remain on the safe side and not use shortcuts.

Finally a word about a couple of common viruses in particular I’ve run into in the last year:

A few of these viruses going around exhibit the symptom of making all your files and shortcut icons on the desktop vanish.  This is often done with a combination of changing the file attributes to enable the hidden flag, or by moving the files to a hidden location.  It is sometimes also conjoined with malware that tries to frighten you into thinking your hard drive is on the verge of failure, or at the least, claims to be antivirus software itself.  The goal of all such attempts is to get you to give up your credit card number.  Please don’t.

I’ve had great success removing the virus that causes these files to go missing but after it’s been removed it’s not always so easy to reverse the damage and restore the missing icons.  Fortunately there is one program out there that, for the most part, has been able to do this for me very simply and it’s simply called “Unhide”.  Use this program after going through all the above steps to be sure you’ve removed traces of the virus and hopefully it will get all of your stuff back for you.  You can download Unhide from here.

One other common symptom I’ve seen certain viruses exhibit is hijacking certain registry entries to alter file associations, specifically one which makes your computer forget what to run EXE files with, asking instead what program you’d like to open another program with.  I have found that in Windows 7 one trick of working around this is to right-click on a program shortcut and then click Run as Administrator.  This uses a separate registry association which hopefully has not been affected by the virus.  Using this Right-Click>Run as Administrator trick you should be able to run your scanning utilities like Malwarebytes and Combofix from within Safe Mode.

Phase 3: Prevention

Now that we know how much of a pain these kinds of viruses can cause we should talk a little about where they come from and the different ways they can end up on your computer.  I wrote a much longer blog about this topic which you can read here.  Basically it boils down to this:

• Make sure you install all available software updates for Windows itself as well as 3rd party software and plugins like Adobe Flash, Acrobat and Java (among others).  Updates are your friend and help to patch recently discovered security vulnerabilities.
• Pay attention to links people send you in emails.  It’s quite possible their email account has had its password stolen and is being used by a robot to send spam email with links to malicious websites out to everyone in their address book.  Warn your friends if you suspect their account has been compromised and suggest they change their email accounts password before following the steps above to attempt to remove a potential infection.
• Use good anti-virus software.  As recommended above, I prefer MSE and Malwarebytes.  Combofix is only to be used as an emergency utility; it doesn’t have a real-time monitoring feature.
• Consider using a software firewall to block unwanted inbound traffic and unexpected outbound traffic.  Zone Alarm Free is an excellent choice for this.
• Use an ad-blocking plugin to further reduce the chances of a virus sneaking in through a flash-based advertisement.  Ad-Block for Firefox is a great option.  You can also get it for Google Chrome from here.
• Along with these plugins, consider using a better browser.  Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome have both become superior to Internet Explorer, especially in terms of security.
• Avoid installing “toolbars” for your browser.  If you install one by accident, disable it in your browser or better yet uninstall it via your control panel.
• Avoid using P2P file-sharing software like Frostwire or MP3Rocket.  These methods of file sharing do not have any form of user moderation and anybody can wrap a virus inside a file then name it something innocent/sensational looking to trick people into downloading it and installing a virus.
• Consider adding a parental filter to your computer; you don’t need kids for this.  Having a web filter like K9 Web Protection can be helpful to block your computer from accidentally trying to connect with a known malicious server.
• Lastly, though this is too extreme for most people:  Consider switching to Linux on your desktop.  Linux is free, open-source and is even more secure than MacOS.  Seriously.

I hope this advice has been helpful.  Please leave comments or suggestions about other tips and tricks you use to help remove malicious software in the comments section below!

These problems don’t strike me as novel or very interesting, mostly because you expect to see them occur at SOME point in time and at random.  Electronics wear out, lightning can strike at any moment, dust buildup shorts something out or jams a cooling fan; these things just happen from time to time.  But there was one issue I saw this year that really stood out as occurring more frequently than any other problem by far.  A problem  that seemed to happen so suddenly, so widely that you could almost call it “trend setting”.  So I wanted to take a look back and talk a bit about a problem I’ve seen more often than anything else this year:

“Warning:  You’re infected!  Click here now!”

The most prominent problem I saw this year, more than any other problem I got calls about, were from people saying they had gotten alerts popping up on their system similar to the one pictured above.  Typically you would be intimidated by a popup that said your system had a LOT of viruses on it and to click on various buttons/links to remove them.  Unfortunately it was all a ruse as these alerts were themselves part of a virus masquerading around as anti-virus software, taking computers hostage.   Their names and appearance had some variation but most of their tactics were the same:

• Prevent user from opening any other applications (including Task Manager)
• If you were able to open a web browser, any page you tried to visit would be replaced with a page that would fear-monger the user even further
• Change the browser proxy settings to point to a non-existent server and in doing so prevent the user from accessing the Internet for downloading removal tools
• Annoy the user with never-ending, obnoxious pop-ups that would invite the user to pay the developers of the fake anti-virus software ransom money
• Replicate itself across multiple, random locations on the hard drive, making it more difficult to remove manually

I began to get a lot of phone calls for this exact type of issue during the middle of the summer this year, and of course everyone wanted to know how their computer came to get this sort of junk software on their machine in the first place.  Along those lines:  Where do viruses come from, how could one have gotten on my computer and WHY on earth would someone create such an evil thing in the first place?

I don’t have the monetary resources to conduct an “official” study (and as such you should classify everything here to be anecdotal), so the next best thing I can do is look for things that were in common between PCs that fell victim to the same infection at about the same time.  The one thing that stood out the most to me was that Adobe Flash, Adobe Acrobat and/or Java were out of date and needed updates to be installed.

In the year 2010, Adobe has had to make multiple announcements about zero-day exploits found in their Flash plugin that could allow Flash to do things like crash a computer or to take control of it (e.g., facilitate the installation of a malicious payload or virus).

Just what is Flash, anyway?  Flash is a plugin for web browsers that has been a mainstay in webpages for over a decade.  Youtube videos, for example, are played within Flash.  Most advertisements you see on the web use Flash to animate video, elements, buttons, letters, etc.  Some websites are made entirely in Flash.  In the early days Flash was designed as an alternative to animated gif images and cartoon-like animations because for some uses it could actually conserve bandwidth because instead of pixels and color pallets taking up file space, you would instead be working with vectors (think connect-the-dots to create a shape of something, like a stick-figure man, and move the dots/vertices to animate it).  An awesome example of cartoon flash animation using very little bandwidth is www.homestarrunner.com (a favorite cartoon series I used to follow in the old days).  Over time Flash has evolved into quite a feature rich plugin that many have attempted to clone and dethrone, but all attempts have failed (so far).

In any case, as a result of being more efficient than animated bitmaps and saving web hosts money on bandwidth and faster loading times while increasing the “eye-candy factor” during the days of dial-up, Flash became a preferred/common means of deploying advertisements on the web, and eventually advertising itself became so big that there are now companies that do nothing but produce and host Flash-based advertisements for other websites. What this means is that many websites do not actually host/serve the advertisements that you see on their website, as they have offset the bandwidth requirements for this function to third party companies.  Unfortunately, because advertising is a big deal online, it raises the bounty and incentive a malicious hacker might have to penetrate the advertising servers and replace clean advertisements with infected versions that would download and install Malware all by itself, taking advantage of security exploits in the plugin that have not been patched by the user.  This has been going on for at least the last 4 years or more and it’s a phenomenon knows as “Malvertising”.

So what are some ways to prevent this type of thing from affecting you?

1. Make sure you apply updates for all software on your computer when presented with the opportunity

If you see an alert like the one pictured above, address it immediately.  Far too often I see users just minimize the window or click “Later” and forget about it for the rest of the session.  The same thing goes for Windows updates, Adobe updates and generally speaking any updates for software that you use on a regular basis.  Updates happen because security vulnerabilities are found and patched, or slight tweaks resulted in an increase of the programs performance, or because they are adding a new cool feature.  Whatever the case may be, software updates are your friend and you should welcome them without hesitation.  If you are asked to update a piece of software you have never heard of before,  just type the name of that software into Google.  With just 30 seconds of reading you should be able to determine if the program that has an update pending is legit or malicious.

2.  Use Anti-Virus software that is backed by a good reputation, not just hype and marketing

The two most common anti-virus programs I’ve encountered  on computers THAT WERE ALREADY INFECTED has either been Norton or McAfee; both have never seemed to live up to their hype or justify the sponsorship of PC manufactures and Internet Service Providers.  Norton in particular spends gobs of money on absurd advertisements about how you should protect your oscillating fan from David Hasselhoff or saving your unicorn from Dolf Lundgren.  The use of silly metaphors in them are meant to parody the fact that most people don’t understand viruses anymore than they understand Dolf scorching My Little Pony with a flame thrower, purely for illustrative purposes of course.  Lets dumb it down so much that people will say, “This is so dumb, it’s smart (advertising).”  Now we know why a copy of their software costs around $60 or $70 per year…

The sad truth about anti-virus software is that NONE OF THEM are perfect or necessarily worth their weight in dollars, simply because virus programmers have the upper hand.  If a hacker discovers a vulnerability that no one else has discovered yet, he may just keep it in his “stash” for use later.  OR, he might sell that knowledge to the Russian mafia or any number of other interested parties who have their own stash and secret agendas.  It is suspected the Stuxnet worm that ran rampant through Iran earlier this year was the product of a government agency, due to the sheer amount of zero-day exploits it contained for propagating itself, along with its overall sophistication and extremely specific targeting.

Was it a coincidence that days after Adobe announced the discovery of a zero-day exploit in their Flash and Acrobat Reader software in early June that a lot of people started to call me for the exact same Malware problem?  It’s quite likely the vandalism on advertising servers was timed to correspond with these vulnerabilities to maximize exposure.  It takes Adobe around 2 weeks to release patches for vulnerabilities like this so there is a window of time users are exposed and at risk, and this window of time extends out further if you avoid applying updates.

Despite this sad and depressing fact, you’ll be happy to know that many anti-virus programs do provide generous protections that you cannot otherwise get without them.  There are two programs I recommend everyone check out:

• Microsoft Security Essentials
• Malwarebytes

Microsoft Security Essentials is produced by Microsoft itself and is a free program you can install on your system.  It will actively monitor your computers activity and help prevent virus infection.  I encounter network security professionals in web forums here and there and most of them have really begun to sing praise for this program, because of it’s small footprint and high level of virus detection and removal.  Malwarebytes is another program that comes in a free form (though there is a paid version that automates all of it’s functions so you don’t have to do manual scans and updates with it).  Malwarebytes has been an absolute life saver for me this year as it was able to effectively cure about 8 out of 10 PCs of all their woes with one scan.

There are many other commercial (pay) anti-virus programs out there that are good, such as AVG, Avira Anti-Virus, Avast, etc., but I don’t have the time or resources to review all that are available.  While you might be able to find other websites out there that post “comprehensive reviews” of this type of software, it should not surprise you that sometimes these articles are just advertisements for commercial anti-virus software dressed up to look legit and non-partisan.  In my opinion, the best reviews for these things come from individual users and a great place to find reviews for antivirus software is Amazon.com.  They sell some anti-virus software and each of them have their own collection of user reviews that are worth reading over if you decide you want spend money on extra protection not offered by free solutions.

3.  Install A Software Firewall Solution

If your computer is directly connected to the Internet (and does not pass through a router of any kind) then you are putting your computer on the front line and you should protect it with some armor if you want to stand a chance in the wild jungle that is the Internet.  Firewalls prevent unwanted network traffic from passing between your computer and the Internet.  In the same way Flash has it’s own flaws and vulnerabilities from time to time, so too does Windows itself and many vulnerabilities can be exploited with nothing more than a network connection.  Having a firewall in place helps eliminate this possibility.  A firewall can also prevent rogue software that is already on your system from “phoning home, contacting the mother ship” to update itself or otherwise expose your personal data to would be data thieves..  It’s not anti-virus software, but it does add a critical layer of protection.  Windows itself comes with a firewall built in but it’s not as feature rich as some third-party applications out there.  The most popular free firewall that I know of Zone Alarm Free.

4.  Use a proper Ad Blocking browser extension

One of the great features of Zone Alarm Free is the ability to let it block advertisements for you, although its not very smart about it as it basically blocks all gifs or flash content embedded in a website.  This can break a lot of websites that have legit uses for Flash, like Youtube.  So you may want to look into a more proper ad-blocking plugin/add-on/extension for your browser.  A great one for Firefox is called Adblock Plus.

5.  Use a safe web browser

Recently I stumbled across a funny description of Internet Explorer:  “It’s a great tool for downloading Firefox or Google Chrome.”  And it’s the truth.  Internet Explorer has struggled to achieve a respectable reputation among security experts as being a secure browser, when compared to others that compete against it.  Among them are:

• Mozilla Firefox
• Google Chrome
• Opera

These are all very capable browsers that have a great reputation for handling security and also have shown impressive turnaround when vulnerabilities are discovered.  I would highly recommend you download and install one of the above browsers and start to use it instead of Internet Explorer.

6.  Avoid And Uninstall Web Browser “Toolbars”

The above image is an exaggeration of a point I would like to drill home:  Toolbars are 99% junk and often facilitate no additional functionality than a web browser already has built into itself.  Pop-up blocking and search bars are standard in all modern web browsers, for example.  Many times I have seen toolbars for “MyWebSearch” on computers that happened to be infected with a virus.  I can’t necessarily say there is a causal connection between that particular toolbar and an increase in exposure to malicious software, but its fair to suspect it because if you search for “mywebsearch” on google, every single link (except the first one) goes to instructions for how to remove it.  It’s clear that NOBODY wants this toolbar, and the same could easily be said for most toolbars.  Get rid of them, please!

The easiest way to remove most of these is to use the Add/Remove Software applet in your control panel (In Windows Vista/7, it’s called “Programs and Features”).  If this fails to work then you can often find instructions for manual removal by searching for them with Google.

7.  Avoid P2P Filesharing Programs

Limewire is dead, but the way it worked will live on in other programs like it.  The way Limewire worked mostly relied on you connecting to other peers like yourself and the mesh collective would commence to pass files back and forth in a decentralized fashion.  The problem for Limewire is that it wasn’t entirely decentralized, which is why they were able to shut it down like they did Napster several years ago.  But still, the primary way it worked was by letting anybody share pretty much ANYTHING they wanted, without any real fear if they did something like disguise a virus as a popular new song by some teen-pop musician and share it out to the world as a “joke.”  Using software like this is your call and any legal considerations involved weighs entirely on you.  If you do decide to use file sharing software of this nature, make sure you police all your downloads to be sure you haven’t downloaded a Trojan horse.

8.  Consider Adding Parental Controls To Your PC

Not everybody reading this (in fact, few people reading this) would be willing to walk forward and admit to visiting porn websites online, but such websites make up a large chunk of the web and due to the rogue nature of some of them you are more likely to find ads, script code laced with viruses or strait up automatic downloads for executable binaries with names like “Video.exe” that can lead to your computer being infected.  It’s quite plausible that you might even visit one of these sites “TOTALLY BY ACCIDENT!!!”  So one thing you might consider using is a parental control blocking application that filters out web addresses and reduces the chance of you visiting one by accident or otherwise.  A robust, free parental control program worth trying is K9 Web Protection.

9. Consider Using Linux For Internet Stuff

It would be hard for me to write all of the above out without making a passing mention of using a different operating system, at least part of the time.  I realize not many users are interested in making a big switch from one OS to another, but it is very easy to at least get your feet wet with a Live CD.  In the case of Ubuntu Linux you can boot the entire OS from a CD without making any changes to your computer.  It’s like playing a demo for a video game before deciding to install the full copy, for free.  Instructions for downloading, burning and booting are right on Ubuntu’s website so if you’re even SLIGHTLY tech savvy you may find you enjoy working in Ubuntu more than you do Windows and feel relief from not having to worry about viruses or malware infecting your system.

Conclusion

As I mentioned before, this Malvertising problem is not new but the spike in its frequency of occurrence this year was interesting to me.  It wouldn’t be far out to predict another wave of infections like this striking again, but with the above advice and your increased awareness of the possibility of being infected in such a way should help to drastically reduce the chances of you falling victim to something like this.

So about 90 seconds ago I learned about this website and knew I had to write a quick blog about it.  The site is called Ninite Easy PC Setup.  This is a website that allows you to download multiple popular Windows applications, from web browsers to anti-virus software, and install them all at once!!  This is a HUGE, HUGE time saver.

You look through their selection of software, check off the programs you want and it will create a custom bundle from your selection and wrap it all into one easy install package for you to download.  When you run the installer, it installs all the apps, one by one, automatically without user intervention and without any spam “extras” that might come along with some of them (like browser toolbars that do more harm than good).

Check it out at www.ninite.com

The drawback I knew I’d probably run into with this is the good chance that my wireless network connection would nearly be crippled.  I don’t have a big house, but I was going to be adding a couple more walls in between my computer and the router.

Now, I don’t go around talking too much about playing video games, but lately I’ve been on a streak of Left 4 Dead 2 because my best friend Jordan asked me to get it so we could play together online.  Games like that demand the best of connections that you can muster, and adding another gap of lag between myself and those game servers got me worried.  I haven’t yet tried to do multiplay since the move, but did notice that my wifi said that my signal was now “Very Low”.

So I pulled out my new Nexus One cell phone with Android Linux on it and fired on an app I got from the market for free called Wifi Analyser.  It kind of looks like this:

Above is just an example image I found with Google. What this program will show you is a line graph that displays the radio frequency usage of nearby wireless networks.  You see, wireless networks are kind of like walkie-talkies.  If some kid in your neighborhood is using the same radio frequency as you, your signals will obviously overlap and interfere with each other.  This app is made to quickly show you what frequency ranges are the most used in your immediate vicinity.  In my case I had quite a lot of overlap.  So I logged into my router, changed the wireless channel from 6 to 11 and that made a world of difference.  Windows says my signal is “Very good” now.

If you don’t know how to log into your router a good website to consult about this is portforward.com.  This site is intended to be used as an interactive guide that shows you how to login to your router and change your port forwarding configuration.  So the only part you need to pay attention to is the first half that shows you how to access your routers configuration settings.  The last half can be tossed aside.  Router configuration is a lot like browsing a website that has different check boxes, fly-outs and text fields for you to manage.  Just click around until you find something that says “wireless” and look for a setting that pertains to the radio channel it’s using.  The default for most routers these days is 6, or sometimes “auto”.  If it’s auto, you can at least experiment with it to see if based on your observations there is a frequency range that is more open and less cluttered than one it’s currently using.  And if it doesn’t seem to help your performance any, the change can be reversed.

Recently, I posted the following in their Networking forum:

I have a new Linksys/Cisco router WRT54G2 v.1 with the latest firmware installed. I currently use port forwarding for things like VNC and SSH into my home PC. However, every time I try to set a new rule (for both TCP and UDP) up for bittorrent, the bittorrent clients I try say the port is closed. I’m using an Ubuntu Linux system, and both Transmission and Deluge will say the ports I select are closed, even if I change the port numbers and do another test. So I’m just wondering if anyone has encountered anything like this before and might have an idea of what could be causing this problem.

The thread was alive for a matter of seconds before a moderator locked the thread and replied with the following:

Please read the rules. We will not help with P2P apps.

I was surprised to see this happen, and that’s probably because I use www.ubuntuforums.org more often than any other forum for technical assistance.  Linux people like me approach the controversial topic of bittorrent a little differently…  I decided to send the moderator a private message to let him know what I thought about his decision:

Sorry for violating the rules. However, I would argue that I did not ask a question pertaining to P2P applications at all but a question strictly about networking problems with a Linksys router. I should also remind you that bittorrent is a common protocol used for the transfer of free, non-copyrighted information spanning from GPL licensed open-source software to free music or movies released under the creative-commons license, which is becoming more popular. There is nothing inherently illegal about using bittorrent (the protocol), but it would seem the moderators of techguy.org hold a contrary consensus that I feel they should consider revising in recognition of the legitimate and legal uses of bittorrent.

The above comment and any replies received in any form will be posted publicly on my blog. Thank you for your time.

I got a reply fairly fast.  Here’s what it said:

We cannot and will not assist in the illegal downloading of software through P2P applications, and that includes any impediments offered by networking components to such downloading. Any legal uses of such software are few and will unfortunately need to be included in this prohibition.

The policy has been in place for quite some time now and will not be changed.

Thank you for your concern,
Elvandil

I like his use of the word “prohibition”; like bittorrent is some sort of drug paraphernalia.  I also noticed Mr. Elvandil happens to be Microsoft MVP and a die-hard Windows user who is probably adverse to anything of value that isn’t proprietary.  This is just my own opinion as he is ignoring the fact that millions of people use Linux and a large portion of us download and share our Linux ISO files (for burning to CD) via bittorrent, among many other things 100% legal to share.  It is a world he is unfamiliar with or in denial about.

Fortunately in the world of Linux it’s recognized that bittorrent itself is not illegal at all and I was glad to see a helpful reply in ubuntuforums.org within minutes; a reply that made me realize that sometimes I can be a completely narrow-minded person, too.  ”Did you check your host-firewall?”  Why… NO!    So I opened my firewall manager Firestarter and sure enough saw blocked events taking place on the port I told my bittorrent client and router to use.  All I had to do with allow inbound traffic to take place on that port.  Talk about overlooking the obvious!

The dead router this little journey into hell all started off with was a Netgear WGT624 v3 with the latest firmware installed.  I’d owned this router for several years with nary a hiccup or serious problem the occasional power cycle couldn’t fix.  But as mentioned above, things started to get flaky and I had tried everything I and other forum crawling network experts could think of.  So I decided to head to my nearby Wal-Mart just a couple blocks away and pick up a new one; a Netgear WGR614 v9 router (and I installed the latest firmware after it arrived).  To my shock and disgust it had the exact same problem as the WGT624: data corruption.

So I exchanged it for a third router (a Netgear WPN824 v3) spending about 25 dollars extra after exchanging in the WGR614.  This new router solved the problem I was having with corrupted packets and I was relieved.  But then a new fucking problem cropped up!  For some reason the router would require a power cycle at least two or three times a day.  This was often because for some odd reason it would just randomly stop passing HTTP traffic between me and the Internet.  I could ping the modem (gateway) IP, as well as the ISP’s DNS server addresses, but I couldn’t ping Google nor visit any website except the routers internal configuration utility page (e.g., 192.168.1.1).  Even more bizarre was that one time this occurred after I had already accessed my computer by remote while I was away from home, using VNC on port 5900.  Let me say that again:  I had accessed my home PC over the Internet, and the router told me there was no active Internet connection when it went to check for firmware updates automatically after I logged into it to see if I could find the problem.

I put up with this router for a few days, hoping that after a while things would smooth out and I wouldn’t have to do power cycles so often.  They didn’t get better.  In fact, they got even worse.  I was already having to power cycle the router on a regular basis until one day PORT FORWARDING STOPPED WORKING!!  I couldn’t access my remote desktop over the Internet anymore and more importantly, I couldn’t accept incoming connection requests from Virtual Dave users.

Unfortunately I made the mistake early on (because the packet corruption problem had been resolved by the WPN824) that I was going to be happy with this router, and I threw the receipt away, so I couldn’t exchange it for a different router.  The only option I had left was to take this router back to Wal-Mart and exchange it for another one exactly like it.

Not only did this replacement WPN824 mimic all the problems the previous WPN824 had, but the packaging had evidence of actually being a refurbished product, sold off the shelf by Wal-Mart as a new item at full price!

I’m sure it’s one of the ways Netgear cuts corners for the sake of competing with other “rolled-back prices” in Wal-Mart; I hope they don’t pull this shit with other vendors.  I can’t assert that Wal-Mart is knowingly selling refurbished products at the same cost as a new item, but from the look of the professional shrink wrap job, they may not actually be aware of what’s going on.

Now you might say to me, “just because you have two seals doesn’t mean that you have refurbished rather than new. It may simply mean that at one point someone had to open the package for a customer, and the customer ended up not wanting it, or it was returned.”

Okay, I see your point, but it doesn’t change the fact that the router still didn’t work, nor did another one exactly like it I had purchased just a couple days earlier. Something odd I noticed between the two is the first of those two needed a firmware upgrade, but the second one didn’t. Just an observation.

There was one other suspicious piece of “evidence” I didn’t photograph and that was the “install the netgear software on your PC before you setup your router” sticker that covers the downlink ports on the back. It had obviously been re-applied before.

Also, the shrink wrap on the box wasn’t something you’d see from the standard cheap heat gun seal you’d find in most stores that will re-stock items with explicit “open-item” sticker with a reduced price on it; this LOOKED brand new from the outside, like it was sealed at the factory. So I guess the theory is, someone bought it from another Wal-Mart, found it didn’t work, returned it, Wal-Mart sent it to Netgear because they were told it was defective, Netgear put a new sticker on the bag around the router, and re-wrapped the packaging in house with little or no testing done on the hardware. I highly doubt Wal-Mart has spare Netgear stickers laying around to help disguise an open router bag.  And good lord, what does this say about the state of our economy!  I mean, if I were Netgear and I were serious about deception, I would still at least use a NEW replacement bag with a NEW tamper-sticker, instead of reusing an old one with a broken label stuck to it to save a few cents.

So to recap the sequence of routers I’ve been through:

Original Netgear WGT624 v3 (loved for years, dying of old age I thought), followed by a WGR614 v9 (which had the same problems as the previous router), followed by TWO WPN824 v3 routers. 4 Netgear routers, one old, two “new” and one that was obviously opened/returned/refurbished being sold as a new item.  They all failed me in the end.

I’ve said to hell with Netgear and Wal-Mart, caving in and going to pick up a Linksys/Cisco from Best Buy, but I’m not going to give it a thumbs up or down until I’ve had some time to test it out.  From what I hear, Linksys/Cisco’s are back up to snuff and have a better reputation than they did when I stopped using their products years ago.  We’ll see.

All of these hot babes are great looking but it is up to you to select your six favorite as they compete for a chance to be in an official Prymal Rhythm calendar.  Putting together the actual contest involved a good amount of PHP work by my programmer/site developer.  We had to come up with a way to help prevent ballot stuffing and figured the best way to do that is to require registration with a username/password and an confirmed email account.  This is where the next upgrade came in:  a new Members Area and a Forum for fans to chat with each other through.

This is a surprise bonus feature the fans have not been made aware of yet.

The last thing we did was basicly give the entire website a face lift by wrapping every page in the theme that was selected for the forum so the entire site matches and looks really cool.  There’s still a little work left to do but I would have to say we’re about 80% done now.  It’s been quite an exercise.

Знакомства

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conficker
http://mtc.sri.com/Conficker/addendumC/

As stated in the links above, the virus takes advantage of a buffer-overflow vulnerability of certain server services on Windows based machines.  Microsoft issued an update (MS08-067) for Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2 & SP3, and Vista to patch this hole back in October of last year. So if you have installed all available Windows updates you should be fine and not need to worry.  It is highly recommended you install all available updates if you have not done so lately.  To force your PC to check for available updates, click Start>All Programs>Windows Update and follow the on-screen instructions.

If your computer is directly connected to the Internet it is advised that you have a quality software firewall installed and blocking unexpected inbound traffic.  A comparison of free firewall software can be found here:  http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-free-firewall.htm

In addition you should also have a quality anti-virus software solution in place.  Any of the following will suffice:

• CA Anti-Virus
• Symantec Anti-Virus
• F-Secure Anti-Virus
• Panda Anti-Virus
• Kaspersky Anti-Virus
• McAfee Anti-Virus
• BitDefender Anti-Virus

I personally recommend  AVG Free Edition

In summery:

• Be sure to apply all available updates for Microsoft Windows
• Ensure you have some form of firewall blocking unwanted network traffic
• Install a quality anti-virus solution

Now lets all have a happy April Fools day!

It goes without saying that downloading a movie illegally via bittorrent is probably going to piss the MPAA off.  But if they’re smart about this, they could actually take the concept of scan-to-download idea and turn it into a big money maker.  There’s probably plenty of people who would purchase a digital download of a movie if it were offered to them at a reasonable price.  Just take a look at iTunes or Amazon offering DRM-free MP3 merchandise.  You might even take a look at what Valve Software did with Steam recently:  They cut the price of Left 4 Dead by 50% and noticed a 3000% increase in sales.  Ultimately it just goes to show that there is an ever increasing number of people who want to purchase digital merchandise and they’re willing to pay for it as long as it’s not overpriced.  I could even see movies being offered up for free with commercials inserted in a hulu.com style.

Anyway, cool app for a cell phone to say the least.  Thought for pirates, it would be kind of like saying, “Hey.  As if my IP address weren’t enough information, here’s my phone number too.”

As cool as this technology is, I have to say that I think it’s already up against some stiff competition from smart phones like the Google Phone and the iPhone.  For instance, the video shows a demo of evaluating different kinds of paper towels for the user so they can pick out the one that is the most environmentally friendly.  A somewhat similar application that already exists on the Google Phone (and others before it in Japan) is a program that allows you to use the built-in camera to scan the products UPC barcode, which would then give you an instant price check for that product at local stores and even through online merchants.

It would take little effort to expand the capabilities of the above smart phone application to allow for sorting of the search results to be prioritized for other criteria besides price.

The key feature that the projector/camera technology does have that you can’t easily do with a cell phone is the ability to project visual data onto any surface and interact with it in 3D space via hand gestures.  While there are a lot of unique uses for this, a drawback of this is that you are required to have a usable surface in front of you in the first place, and I think (for now) the LCD screen of a smart phone has the upper hand in that department.  For instance, you could be walking down a street at high noon and look at a building (like some sort of historical landmark) but not have a usable surface to project meta-data on to (although I suppose something could be read to you through an ear piece).  On a cell phone, the screen is much more visible in nearly any lighting and given further software development, all kinds of information could be overlayed onto a camera captured video stream as seen below:

The end goal in both of these technologies is pretty strait forward:  Overlay relevant information on top of the real world.  And between these two technologies, I have to say that I think smart phones still have the upper hand… for now. Even though smart phones don’t have the freedom of using hand gestures to operate your phone, it could be argued that multi-touch screens are comparable (for things like zooming on maps, photos, etc.).

What I think the real knockout advantage of a cell phone (besides the fact that an LCD screen works as a better display surface than most real life objects) is the fact that information is presented to you in a more private, personal fashion.  If you were to have personal information projected out, anybody nearby could eavesdrop on whatever is being shown to you.  For example, you wouldn’t want your online bank statement to be projected on to a wall when you’re surrounded by strangers at an airport.  It’s more personal to have such things confined to a smalls screen that you have more control over.  Then again, the idea is to use a cell phone as the core processor of the system, so in the event you have to look something personal up that you don’t want projected, you would just take your phone out of your pocket and do whatever it is that you need to do.

A bold prediction is made at the very end of the first video:  That we will one day have the ability to augment digital information on reality through some kind of brain implant.  While such a wild technology is still a long ways away, it will likely occur within a couple decades time and the development of this is only the first of several steps towards a technology we once thought to be impossible.

If you want to try this out for yourself you’ll need a webcam and you have to visit this website.   And yes, I realize how ironic it is to have a campaign that hails the greatness of renewable energy asking you to waste a piece of paper to play with a little 3D model of some windmills.  At least you can recycle that paper.

The only annoying thing about this is if you want to look at your little augmented reality up close, which requires putting the paper closer to the webcam… which can be tricky:

As demonstrated above, you can clearly see that there is a little scarecrow standing among the windmills.  Or maybe you can’t see because the paper is directly between you and your monitor!!!  Damn it!

But today (which is turning out to be a pretty great day for a lot of different reasons) I logged in to check on my comments and notice the following:

Oooo!!  An update button!  In the past, something like this would direct you to WordPress.com and have you download a zip, extract the few hundred files out, delete certain folders from your server, then upload the necessary files to replace the old ones, THEN go to a special web link on your server to complete/verify the upgrade.  In a word, it SUCKED.  To my delight, this is what I got after clicking the button:

Automatically?  Huzzah!!

Now I know that to advanced web developers, this doesn’t come across as a big deal because if you had shell access to your server, you could just SSH into your server and run a couple of commands that would extract the download and fore-go the need to upload hundreds of tiny files.  But that costs extra and when it comes to web hosting fees, I try to keep things on the cheap side.

So Cheers to the WordPress devs!  You’ve made my life just a little easier.

I’ll just keep this very short.  Internet Explorer has once again dropped the ball in the realm of Internet security and it’s something that’s been present for over 48 hours already.  You can read about the problem via BBC’s website by clicking here.

The article states in bold letters at the top, “Security experts recommend switching to a rival browser until the problem is fixed.”  Need a rival web browser?  Download Firefox at www.firefox.com.  It’s free, faster and much more secure than Internet Explorer ever will be.  Seriously.  Why is it more secure, you ask?  Because it’s open-source, just like Linux.  But again… don’t wanna turn this into a “Microsoft sucks” bashing post.

Also, on the side, I should mention that I’ve see a LOT of Windows systems get hit with viruses in the last 3 weeks, a good chunk of which have come in from emails on Facebook.  Which isn’t to say that Facebook is bad.  It just doesn’t have much of an effective spam filter or virus scanner built into it.  You would think that after a few people have recieved the same spam from their friend whose computer was compromised, they’d start filtering messages with the same links, the same stupid subject line, and all the rest that comes along with basic social engineering-based viruses.  It’s what Yahoo and Google do.  So to you Facebook/Myspace users out there (and everyone else who doesn’t uses these services), be VERY cautious about clicking on links to websites you’ve never visited to before in email sent to you by a friend.  They may not have actually sent you something.  In fact, it’s possible their account password was phished, changed, and their account used as a lauch pad for spreading the same infection to other people (like you).  So be careful.

While googling for a solution to recovery the comment I accidentally tossed into my WordPress database purgatory, I found a cool spam management plugin called Akismet.  You can download it from www.akismet.com.  This little thing has a lot of really cool features, including pie-charts and line-graphs showing statistics about the daily spam and “ham” (real comments) submitted to your blog.  And for once, I almost never ever see 40+ spam messages a day waiting to be trashed.  Not to mention the fact that you can very easily recover comments you didn’t mean to mark as spam in the first place.  If you’re a user of WordPress, I highly recommend this little plugin.  The only slight drawback is that you have to sign up for a free account with WordPress.com, but that only takes a few minutes and I’d bet that most of you out there have already done this.  Blog on!

It’s hard to say just how long I’ve been waiting for this phone to come out.  Scheduled to be on sale just in time for the holidays (can’t we agree that Halloween is twice as fun as Christmas?), this phone is dead set on absolutely killing the iPhone.  I mean, just look at it!  It’s got a freaking keyboard (read: “Tactile Response” you iPhone suckers)!!  What’s even better is that IT RUNS ANDROID LINUX!  An open-source cell phone?  Get outta here!!  And it’s only going to cost $179?  You may proceed to salivate.

Now I could try and write up a bunch of original content describing all of the super cool features this phone will carry with it right out of the box, but other websites have already done this.  Why waste my time?  So for starts, check out this Gizmodo article: Android’s 10 most exciting apps.  With this being an open-source platform, there is no telling how many more cool FREE applications will be developed after the phone hits shelves.  You can pre-order it right now at T-Mobile.com.

There will be a few minor drawbacks about this device.  For starts, it’s vendor locked with T-Mobile.  And at the moment, not all of T-Mobile’s coverage areas provide 3G Internet speeds (3G coverage maps are available on T-Mobile’s website so you can check and see for yourself).  They are also planing on limiting your download speeds after you’ve sucked up a whole gigabyte of data per month (do you really need to download a whole gigabyte of data while you’re away from your computer?).  This will likely change in the future as more users join T-Mobile and provide them with the extra funds needed to expand their networks and relax bandwidth limitations. (Update: T-mobile has killed the bandwidth limit).

Any further complaints you see about it on the net are likely being generated by jealous iPhone customers who are stuck on an expensive contract with AT&T (this much seems obvious).  But if you’re willing to spend time arm wrestling with AT&T, there is a way to cancel your contract without paying the Early Termination Fee.  You can watch an informative video about doing this here.

An anonymous person, using nothing more than Google, Wikipedia and the “I forgot my password” questionnaire on Yahoo! Mail’s website was all it took.  Simple questions like, “What’s your birthday?” and “What’s your zip code” are examples.  A slightly more difficult question was, “Where did you meet your spouse?”, which took a little digging and some minor trial and error.  After about 45 minutes (according to the original poster), the account was compromised, the password changed to “popcorn” and then posted on 4chan’s /b/ forum for others to login to and confirm as being real.

So now everybody feels obligated to find someone to blame for this breach of security/violation of privacy.  Of course we could point blame at a nameless, faceless person who isn’t admittedly affiliated with any political party… but what’s the point?  You either know who the person is or you don’t and there’s even a chance they don’t even live in the United States (making it difficult to impossible to enforce the law).  In the meantime, we should start by noting that the questions that the attacker had to answer were rather easy, and that they were selected by Palin herself when the account was created.  Considering the fact that when the account was created she was already involved in politics (which mostly involves increasing your celebrity status), she should have thought to select more difficult, personal questions for the purposes of recovering a lost password.

The incident does bring up something broader:  Those of us who use the Internet for social purposes often leave behind a paper trail of fun facts that might be found with something as simple as a Google search.  I shouldn’t have to go on any further to tell you what info you probably shouldn’t post about yourself in a blog or forum somewhere.  Nor should I have to tell you, much less a government official, what questions should be selected during registration in the event you lose your password (of course, most people who are in the government have their own government hosted e-mail accounts that are subject to much stricter security policies… apparently Alaska didn’t get the memo).

So now you know how it happened and how it could happen to you if you ever plan to become famous or just have some half-assed blog like this one that almost nobody reads (except for Google’s robots).  We should be glad the emails that have leaked didn’t contain anything sensitive to national security (then again, you think she’s ever had access to such information?), and I’m betting Palin is literally counting her blessings for that very reason right now.  Not just because she lucked out on having her emails stolen by strangers located in who knows what country, but also because she can notch this up as legitimate experience with regard to national security (it’s practically a step up from claiming you know all about foreign policy because you can see Russia from your house).

Update:  An article detailing where the law stands on all of this can be found here:

DOJ View on Email Privacy May Hamper Prosecution of Palin Hackers

I should also throw out the ever so hypothetical rhetorical question:  Why was having this email account necessary in the first place?

Seemingly by surprise to most Internet users, Google has launched a release of a new Internet web browser dubbed Google Chrome.  I have been using it for about five minutes on my super slow computer at work (it only has 256 megs of ram in the damn thing) and the first thing I’ve noticed with Chrome is that it is freaking FAST!  No joke.  My first instinct was to take a look at the task manager in Windows to see how much memory Chrome was actually using, and what I found was a little puzzling.  There was only one web browser window open, but 4 seperate instances of the Chrome.exe process running.  Interesting… So I decided to start digging into why it’s so fast, and what the deal was with these multiple instances.  Here’s what I learned:

If you do a search for Google Chrome, you’ll discover a little comic book that was put together by Google to help illustrate what they had in mind when they first started designing this browser and how it should function differently from other popular browsers like Firefox and Internet Explorer.  The most telling is on page 3:  ”When we started this project, the Gears Guys were saying that one of the problems with browsers is that they’re inherently single-threaded.  For example, once you have Javascript executing, it’s going to keep going, and the browser can’t do anything else until Javascript returns control to the browser.  So developers write APIs that are asyncronous — and every now and then the browser locks up because Javascript is hung up on something.”

In plain english, the way other browsers currently function is about as efficient as an HR department in a hospital.  The chain of programs (or people, if you continue the hospital analogy) is long and weak in that if one link fails, the whole thing snaps and everybody puts their arms in the air to say, “Not my fault.  Tough shit.”   The way Chrome funtions instead is to create multiple processes for all the different tabs as well as additional processes (such as Javascript, or other web plugins) that run seperately, and basicly decentralize everything.  This adds a great deal of speed and stability to loading web pages and running web applications.  It will also help reduce memory bloat that comes from lots of long term use of a web browser, because you can allocate different processes their own memory space.

One of my favorite features is probably something you’ll grow to take for granted: the New Tab Page, seen above.  When ever you open a new tab, it is an intential act persuant to going some place on the Internet.  The tab page is dynamically created based upon your browsing behavior.  Your 9 favorite websites appear with thumbnail previews of each one, for instance.  So after a while, it really becomes YOUR browser.  Which might not sound great to someone who’s trying to keep their birthday gift shopping or porn addiction a secret.  That’s why there’s Incognito Mode!

Another cool feature is the way pop-ups are managed and blocked.  If something is trying to pop-up, you’ll only see a little notification at the bottom of the window, and if it’s something you want, you just drag it up and out.

Anyway, I’d love to write more about this but I’m waiting for an important call that’s going to take me a while and wanted to get something written about this exciting new web browser.  I think it’s going to have a big impact on the way web browser function and we’ll likely see Firefox and eventually Internet Explorer.  The only drawback about this browser that I’ve found so far (other than the fact that they can’t “sandbox” plugins to a lower security level…nobody can yet) is the fact that it’s for Windows only.  There are also some websites with minor functionalities that don’t seem to work just yet (Java, not Javascript, comes to mind).  I am sure that will change rapidly though, as the browser is open-source…which means it will likely be ported over to just about every OS you can imagine.  Until then, I highly recommend this browser to Windows users.

My use of the word “novelty” (as well as a lot of the inspiration for these posts) comes from the late Terence McKenna.  Terence described and quantified novelty as newness, density of complexification and dynamic change as opposed to static habituation.  Others, most notably Ray Kurzweil, have echoed and expanded upon this idea a great deal (albeit on more of a scientific/mathematical basis instead of McKenna’s cosmological perspective).  There is plenty to be said about this steady and predictable trend of technological advancements in particular, which is where Kurzweil roots a majority of his observations and predictions (while McKenna takes on a more broad perspective).  Here’s a video of Ray Kurzweil talking about some of his predictions for the future of technology at a TED conference to help set the mood:

In a more broad sense, everything from the telescopic complexification of plasma into different forms of matter, to the birth and rapid acceleration of computer technology, are examples of an accelerating increase in novelty throughout history.  So is the birth of the Internet and the explosion of information it continues to deliver to us and make increasingly easier to access.  As is our ever increasing and eventual co-dependence upon it the Internet as we move closer to creating a mental symbiosis with it.  That is to say that we will eventually come to depend upon the Internet just as much as it currently depends on us for its existence and relevancy, and that our dependence on it is accelerating.

So what is “The Great Singularity”?   McKenna had a few different theories, the most interesting to me being the possible invention of a time travel, which would effectively cause the future collapse into the present and we would be immersed into a timeless “hyperspace”.  Kurzweil takes on a more technical prediction of things to come with no consideration for such a radical leap, basing his predictions mostly on math in a similar fashion to the way Gordon E. Moore estimated the anticipated speed and cost of computer processors in the future.

Personally, I feel the underestimated wild card in this deck is Artificial Intelligence.  I say underestimated because I feel that it will arrive a little sooner than Kurzweil anticipates and the impact it will have will probably represent something greater than your soon-to-be-daily paradigm shifting technological breakthrough.  We make small breakthroughs of increasing significance all the time it seems, taking them for granted. But A.I. really won’t be worth much to us until it’s smart enough to improve itself without aid.  There’s a lot of groundwork to yet be laid, and the foundation is the Internet itself.  A quote from McKenna that simplifies it all is, “The future is mental.”  And if you give some slack to his notion of time travel, it could just as well be some other form of paradigm shifting technology that would stand to be as equally jaw dropping.  Imagine how predictions about the future might be if one day such a thing as a sentient, self-advancing computer-based supraintelligence actually existed.

The Internet is like an embryo in a state of gestation, developing at our own hands until it ultimately births Artificial Intelligence.  But it’s not completely artificial because its source of information, its genetic construction if you will, is a product of our own human minds and experiences.  So in a very real sense, the Internet and our mental selves are gradually becoming one and the same.

I came across a TED video yesterday that got me back into mood of writing about this kind of stuff.  It was a talk given by Kevin Kelly, who is the executive editor of Wired Magazine.  In it, he points out that the capabilities of Internet technology as it exists today were once thought to be totally unfeasible just 5000 days ago.  And that in truth, we have seen it grow into something truly impressive in a very short span of time, achieving some of our wildest dreams (yet we are not impressed).  There is no reason to believe this process of development is anywhere close to being finished.

Forgive me, Linux community, for I have sinned! [dramatic pause... sound of thunder in the distance] But please, do not fret or pity me, my friend. For I have been saved. Behold! My new great Icon:

Ok, dogma jokes aside: If you have Ubuntu, or pretty much ANY distribution of Linux, INSTALL THIS APP! Would you like to have a few thousand Internet radio stations in HUNDREDS of different genres at your finger tips? Well that’s just ONE feature of many that make up Amarok. Here are some others that really stand out:

• Synchronizing, retrieving, playing, or uploading music to the following digital music players: iPod, iriver iFP, Creative NOMAD, Creative ZEN, MTP, Rio Karma and USB devices with VFAT (generic MP3 players) support.
• Creating and editing play-lists, including smart and dynamic playlists. The dynamic play-lists can use such information as the “score” given to a song by an Amarok script, and the playcount which is stored with the song.
• Playing media files in various formats including but not limited to (depending on the setup) FLAC, Ogg, MP3, AAC, WAV, Windows Media Audio, Apple Lossless, WavPack, TTA and Musepack. Amarok does not play digital music files embedded with DRM.
• Last.fm support, including submitting played tracks (including those played on some digital music players) to Last.fm, retrieving similar artists, and playing Last.fm streams.
• Version 2 (in the works right now) will support iTunes Online Music Store, as well as support Windows and Mac OS.
• Thousands of free Internet radio stations, presorted in over 285+ musical (and spoken word) genres. WOW!

I feel sorry for you Windows and Mac users. You have been forsaken….for now. You’ll have to wait a little bit longer for your musical savior to enlighten you, when version 2 is released. Unfortunately, it’s only in its first alpha phase, so it will be several months before a final release (or even a stable beta) can be expected. But keep your eyes peeled. This is a wonderful application!

To install Amarok in Ubuntu

Click Applications>Add/Remove. Then search for “Amarok”, check off the box next to the search result “Amarok”, and then click the Apply button. You’re done! Install takes just a few minutes (depending on your Internet connection and download capabilities).

The program is pretty easy to get used to. Unfortunately, I’m not in much of a position to give an full review of the program. Being as I myself just “rediscovered my music” with this app, I don’t have much more to say about it other than the MASSIVE collection of radio stations already included with its play-list collection is absolutely jaw dropping. There must have been over 40 stations listed in the Oldies genre alone! Now that’s insane. Even for the Internet.

Ok. Nuff said. Download, Install, Enjoy!

To install Amarok in Other Linux Distros, you can check out one of the links below.

Kubuntu	openSUSE	Fedora
Gentoo	Arch	Ark Linux
Debian	Mandriva Linux	PCLinuxOS
	Other (FreeBSD, Yoper, etc.)

—–

The sound card manufacturers response to this act has caused an uproar, as it appears they do not want users to modify the drivers in such a way as to make them…what’s the word?….FUNCTIONAL!?

Responses from users have varied…

Here’s a great link if you would like to read more about all this in great detail.

1. Setting up your wired Internet Connection.
2. Troubleshooting wired Connections.
3. Setting up your wireless adapter.
4. Installing Firestarter Firewall.

Let’s get started with the first topic.

Internet Connection Setup in Ubuntu (Wired)

Before I go into this detailed technical babble, I want to go over a basic check list for connectivity to the Internet.

• Cable/DSL modem is powered on and is authenticated with your ISP (meaning, the “Cable” or “DSL” light on the front is on solid, and you have a good connection to your ISP).
• Your cable modem is directly attached to your PC Ethernet port via a Cat5 Ethernet cable. If you have more than one PC in your house and you own a router see the next item:
• Your Cable/DSL modem is attached to your router’s up link port via a Cat5 cable, and your PC is attached to one of the routers down link ports.
• Once again: DOUBLE CHECK YOUR PHYSICAL LAYER and make sure everything is correctly connected.

Kind of like this:

The above is the standard connection scheme of a home network. If you have done the above, shoot for the moon and try to open Firefox and visit www.google.com. If it says the page can’t be displayed, try clicking (inside of Firefox) Edit>Preferences and then select the Advanced catagory at the top-far-right, and then click the Network tab (see below).

From there, click on the Settings button within the Connection zone of the window. This window will then appear:

From here, make sure the “Auto-Detect Proxy Settings” radio button is selected (as above). Then hit OK.

Now, close Firefox, restart it and attempt to visit www.google.com again. If it still doesn’t work, read below to troubleshoot your connection:

Connection Troubleshooting
(skip if you’re not having any problems)

Typical Internet users have to have the following equipment in order to get access to the Internet:

1. A modem (Could be dial up, could be DSL, could be cable. All three perform the same basic function: Modulate and demodulate data as it is sent to and received from your Internet Service Provider, as well as assign you one single IP address).
2. An Ethernet Adapter.
3. A Router (required if you have more than one computer in the house and you want them to access the Internet simultaneously).

Another networking device that is similar to a router, but inadequate for Internet connection management between more than one computer, is a Hub. Hubs are devices that do absolutely no routing of traffic with IP address, but instead, can only route traffic based on MAC addresses. Hubs were originally designed for LAN networks that did not need Internet access; only shared access between local, in-house computers. Hubs are also bad for security reasons, since they are nothing more than repeaters that echo all traffic out of every port on the device.

Basic Internet connectivity requires IP address routing capability (a router, in other words), as well as default gateway and DNS addresses to either be known in advanced, or (much more often) auto-configured by the modem/router using DHCP. In Ubuntu, DHCP is enabled on all Ethernet devices by default. This means that when you turn your computer on, it should ask the router (or cable/DSL modem) “What is my IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway supposed to be?” And the router replies and assigns the client PC an unused IP address along with the rest of the requested information. In this way, multiple computers on a LAN can be dynamically assigned IP addresses by the router as they are needed.

So the first thing you should check is if your computer is being assigned an IP address by the router at all. A quick way to do this is to open Applications>Accessories>Terminal, and once it is open, type in “ifconfig” (which is short for Interface Config). The readout will look similar to this:

In the above screenshot, you’ll see interface names listed down the left side (in this case, there are only two shown: eth0 and lo — which stands for “loopback”). These names vary depending on the type of networking device you are using. Another example: if you had more than one Ethernet adapter in your computer, you would likely see the second one listed here as “eth1″.

To the right of “eth0″ we see a lot of information written out for us. The “inet addr:” is your Local IP address. (In the above example, the IP address assigned to the computer is 192.168.73.129). If you have an address here, then that means your router/modem properly assigned you an address while booting your PC. If you don’t see an ip address here, you can attempt to force your router to assign you one by typing in “dhcpcd eth0″ and pressing enter.  (Note: dhcpcd is not installed by default.  To installed it from terminal, type “sudo apt-get install dhcpcd”).

An alternative place to check and see if you are being assigned an IP address is System>Administration>Network Tools applet:

Unlike the ifconfig command, you can only view the IP addressing information for one network device at a time in here. And other than that, you can’t do much here when it comes to setting up your device.

The other place to check your network settings is in System>Administrator>Network. In here, you should select your Ethernet device and make sure it is in “Roaming Mode”, which places the device into DHCP mode.

If you’re still not able to get an IP address assigned to your networking interface then the cause might be a bad cable, the modem/router may need to be reset or your network interface is broken or unsupported (rare). E-mail me if you are still having trouble.

Setting up a wireless adapter

Wireless adapters in the world of Linux have a history of incompatibility looming over them that still makes people hesitant to bother even trying Linux out because it’s thought the probability of their wireless adapter working out of the box is low. That presumption is gradually moving further and further away from the truth, and thanks to Ubuntu’s Restricted Drivers Manager, it’s moving by leaps and bounds.

For starts, check your Update Manager to ensure your system is running with the latest set of drivers and kernel headers, as well as updated software. You can do this by running System>Administrator>Update Manager. The next thing you’ll want to do is check System>Administrator>Restricted Drivers Manager to see if your wireless device uses proprietary binary drivers that need to be enabled. That might sound like a bunch of Greek, but after you open Restricted Drivers Manager, all you have to do is check off any un-checked items, and restart your computer. In most cases your device will work instantly upon reboot.

The next step to getting your wireless device connected to a wireless network is to tell it which one you want to connect to. A program that makes this simple is called WiFi Radar and it allows you to browse the airwaves for nearby access points and authenticate with them if you have the proper encryption key.

The fastest way to install Wifi Radar is to open a Terminal window and type in the following:

• sudo apt-get install wifi-radar

You can now open WiFi Radar by clicking Applications>Internet>WiFi Radar.

Once you have WiFi Radar loaded, all you have to do select the WiFi Network you would like to connect to from a list of detected networks, click connect, and then type in any necessary WEP/WPA encryption passwords. I would strongly recommend you configure your router to use WPA encryption, as WEP is an old, obsolete encryption method which can be hacked in a matter of minutes. WPA is much stronger.

SPECIAL NOTE ON WIRELESS LAPTOPS: If you have a laptop with a wireless adapter built in, check your BIOS settings to make sure the device is enabled when the computer is first turned on, and that the ability to switch it on and off can be done by the operating system, and not by the user. A friend of mine once brought me a Dell Dimensions 1300 and we couldn’t figure out why his wireless adapter was being detected, but no wireless networks were being displayed for us to select from. I was stumped when I first came across this problem, but after changing the BIOS settings as noted above, I had no problems with it after that. In most cases, wireless devices on some laptops can be controlled by what’s called a soft-switch, usually a keyboard combination like Functionkey-F2, a media button or a physical switch to enable and disable the card.

I can’t go into much detail about setting up your wireless router, but I can give you a check list of things to do to help you set it up and secure it. Configuring these settings into your router will be up to you, so consult with the manual of your router to find out how you can configure it manually. In most cases, you have to type “192.168.1.1″ or a similar IP address into the address bar in a web browser like Firefox, and then enter the default Admin password.

Here are some tips to keep in mind when setting up your wireless network:

• Use WPA encryption if possible, and not WEP.
• Consider adding MAC address filters to prevent unwanted users from attaching to your router.
• Once you have your wireless adapter configured to connect to your wireless network correctly, disable ESSID broadcasting.
• Change the routers Administrator password. For added security, make it something different from your WPA encryption password.
• Write your WPA and Admin passwords down on a post-it note and stick it to the bottom of your router. (This sounds self-defeating in terms of security, but if a person can physically touch your router and you don’t want them messing with it, you should find a better place to put it. Because all they have to do to give you a headache is press the reset button).

Installing and Running Firestarter Firewall Software

Firestarter is an effective, lightweight and easy to use firewall administration program that allows you to monitor active connections between your computer and others, set access rules and otherwise help make your system more secure. Firestarter also allows you to easily setup Internet Connection Sharing if you have multiple networking devices available.

To install Firestarter, type the following into terminal:

• sudo apt-get install firestarter

Once installed, you can find this application in your System>Administration menu. The program has documentation located here, including a simple introductory tutorial.  To get it to run when you boot, click System>Preferences>Session. Click on the Add button, then in the “command” line, type “firestarter” all lower-case, and you should also name it firestarter as well. Once you have those two fields populated, click ok, and that’s it!

As always, drop me a comment or e-mail if you have questions or feedback.

Tomorrow, I’ll show you how to edit your Grub boot menu so you can change your default OS!

If you like Nine Inch Nails, click this link before reading any further (so you can listen to the album right now while you read a little about it from me).

I’ve been on a pretty good streak writing blogs about Ubuntu Linux lately, but now Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails went and released a new album by surprise. And I say surprise because not even one track of it was being pirated on the Internet before its official release date. Hey, I don’t know about you but I’m impressed by that. In most cases, new CD’s are pirated weeks in advanced by some Joe Shmoe delivery guy with a box cutter and audio ripping software, the files ending up in bittorrent swarms and spoiling the album later on. Perhaps not necessarily spoiling album sales per say, but spoiling it nonetheless.

Nine Inch Nails recently left Interscope Records; Trent Reznor choosing to avoid the red tape of signing any more contracts with another label went solo. Since that time, www.nin.com has added a new remix section to the website, where you can download multi-track versions of NIN songs and remix them to your hearts content, and then upload your mixes to share with the world online. This brand new 36 Instrumental release, entitled Ghosts I-IV, is being distributed under the Creative Commons License, or what some might call “Copyleft.” In short, you are free to copy and distribute the music, remix the music and publish, but only for non-commercial purposes. Because sharing is caring.

I could go on about all the cool little things Reznor had done to piss off his ex-record label (like dropping USB keys containing unreleased tracks into bathrooms at venues where Nine Inch Nails performed live; see: viral marketing). But I’d rather like to say more about the uniqueness in the way Trent chose to distribute and sell this latest album. For comparison, I’d like to criticize Radiohead’s In Rainbows.

In Rainbows was released on the Internet… or at least the first 10 tracks of it, as the physical CD release of it contained an additional 8 more and didn’t come out till a later date. In Rainbows was released for download, at a price of “Whatever you think it’s worth,” letting the fan choose their own price tag for the download. I remember downloading In Rainbows for nothing, and I’m glad I did. I like Radiohead (really!), but had I known in advanced that the Internet release wasn’t actually the whole thing, or that the download was in 160 Kbps MP3 format (mediocre quality), I’d probably wouldn’t have wasted my time waiting for their servers to come back online after the flood of downloads caused them to crash.

Trent Reznor, in the unique position of being a well known musician and also not being slave to a contract, decided to do his first truly solo release just a little differently. And I like the way it was done:

• Free: Download the first 9 tracks
• $5: Download all tracks in either Lossless FLAC, Apple Lossless or 320 Kbps MP3
• $10: Download all tracks as above, and get 2 CD digipack with booklet (shipping in April)
• Element of Surprise!

Now that’s a deal! And a rather clever business model.

There were some more expensive deluxe packages available, including a classy $300 package (above) with Trent Reznor’s handwritten signature (limited to 2500 units). So there’s something for everybody.  You might not like industrial rock music (or whatever they’re labeling the genre these days), but you shouldn’t have any problem appreciating this business model. It’s genius!

UPDATE:  Here’s a better list.  Check it out!

So you went to Ubuntu.com, downloaded the latest Ubuntu Live CD ISO file from their website and burned it to a CD. You booted from that CD, waited for the desktop to appear, and double clicked on the Install icon. 40 minutes later, your hard drive is partitioned and ready to boot Ubuntu for the first time. Congratulations!

But now what?!

As you might have noticed, the desktop and software installed with Ubuntu by default is a bit bland. I’ve written the following guide for two reasons:

• To make installing some popular software a breeze.
• To expose you to different ways software can be installed in Ubuntu (a.k.a., “get your learn on.”)

So we’re going to jazz up our Ubuntu and learn about installing software by doing the following:

1. Running Update Manager.
2. Install Flash, Java, Windows Media Codecs, MS fonts in 4 clicks!
3. Install Compiz Fusion’s Advanced Settings Manager with one more click.
4. Reveal Archive Manager in the Accessories menu.
5. Install Phatch from a *.deb file.
6. Bonus Challenge: Install Google Earth using Terminal

Yeah! We want something more like the above screenshot. And most important of all: we want to get all of this stuff installed with ease. I said EASE! As in ridiculously simple to do. So lets get started!

1.) Run Update Manager
Difficultly: Very Easy

• Tip: To make the rest of this go faster, only pay attention to the bulleted text in bold. Like this right here. [/ Robert DeNiro]

The reason I have listed this first is simple: Typically, Ubuntu ISO images are a tad bit older than the current distribution. Therefore on a fresh install your Linux Kernel is likely out of date along with a lot of other software, and as a result your system may be vulnerable or may not be detecting all of the hardware in your computer. If this is a fresh install, you probably have at least 200 MB worth of updates you will be asked to download and install. If you are not having any hardware compatibility issues right now (as in: everything appears to be working correctly), then you can do this step last (since installing that many updates can take some time).

Running Update manager is about as easy as sitting on your hands, since it automatically checks for updates each time you turn your computer on. However, you can force this process to occur sooner by running it manually:

• Click System>Administration>Update Manager
• Click on the “Check” button to check for updates

If there are updates available, you simply click “Install” to install them. Piece of cake.

*Note: If you’re still having hardware issues after installing all of your updates, you should check in System>Administration>Restricted Drivers Manager to see if there are any devices that need to be enabled.

2.) Install Flash, Java, Win32 Video Codecs, DVD playback (and more) in just four clicks!
Difficultly: Very Easy

Did you think installing all that software is going to take you a half hour? With Ubuntu, installing software is very simple. To get started, do the following:

• Click Applications>Add/Remove…

Now that you have the Add/Remove Software app open, do the following:

• Change the “Show:” drop menu in the upper right corner to “All Available Applications”
• Search for the word “restricted” while the “All” software category is highlighted (should already be by default, as shown below):

• Once the search returns its results, check off the box next to “Ubuntu Restricted Extras”
• Sit tight, and don’t click the Apply Changes button just yet…

Ok, we’re half way done. That probably took you… a minute? Wipe that sweat off your brow, we got Compiz Advanced Settings Manager to install next.

*Notice: It has been brought to my attention that the DVD decoder included with the above mentioned Ubuntu Restricted Extra’s package is inadequate for playback of encrypted DVD’s (the kind you buy from the store). If you encounter such problems with DVD playback, this guide will show you how to install the libdvdcss2 package. Also, you may have heard a rumor that installing this package is illegal. If someone tells you this, refer them to 17 U.S.C. Sec. 1201(f). The binaries to crack the encryption are not illegal if you have a license to the content. (i.e., if you have a legit DVD, you have license to watch it.) After all, the content must be decrypted in order to make the content usable.

3.) Install Compiz Advanced Settings manager
Difficultly: Very Easy

Compiz Fusion is included by default with Ubuntu, but its super-advanced control panel is not. Need of this advanced control panel comes up if you are a power user who wants to use the 3D window management features to the max, which means turning your desktop into a rotating cube, among other things. You can also greatly customize your special effects, animations and window behaviors using this control panel. So let throw it on!

• After you’ve checked off Ubuntu Restricted Extras in the above step, do another search for the word “compiz”

• Check off “Advanced Desktop Effects Settings”
• Click the Apply Changes button in the lower right corner.

Once installed, this advanced control panel can be found in System>Preferences>Advanced Desktop Effects Settings. Your Restricted Ubuntu Extras package will also be installed.

*Notice: You will want to make sure you have visual effects enabled in System>Preferences>Appearence>Visual Effects before using the above control panel you’ve installed.

4. Enable (reveal) your Archive Manager to create zip files.
Difficultly: Very Easy

Some of you might be wondering: How can I create a zip file? The answer is with the included Archive Manager. This tool (for some weird reason) isn’t shown in the Applications>Accessories menu by default. But we can reveal it very easily by doing the following:

• Click System>Preferences>Main Menu
• Click on the Accessories menu in the left panel, then check off the Archive Manager (see below). Then click Close.

That it! Now when you open your accessories menu, you’ll be presented with a new shortcut to your Archive Manager. You can use this utility to create zip files. Keep in mind that it can also create other types of archives, such as tar.gz, so you should specify your desired file type when you create a new archive.

5.) Install Phatch – Batch Photo Management Software
Difficultly: Very Easy

Recently, I was looking around for a program that I could use that would allow me to resize multiple photos at the same time. This is what’s called a “Batch Conversion”. So I found a program called Phatch that does this job very well. To install it, you have to download the deb installer.

• Click here to download the Phatch deb file. Save it to your desktop for now.
• Find the deb file you just downloaded and double click on it.

After you double click on the deb file, this window will appear:

At this point, all you have to do is click the Install button in the upper right-hand corner. Once installed, you’ll be able to find the program in the Applications>Graphics menu.

I would also suggest that when installing programs via deb installer files, to save these deb files to a permanent location before running them. Simply clicking “Run” in Firefox will cause the file to be stored in a temporary cache folder, which could cause your deb file to possibly disappear mid-way through an installation. So saving it to your desktop and double-clicking on the file from there is the preferred method. Once you are done with the deb file, you can delete it.

6.) CHALLENGE – Install Google Earth
Difficultly: Medium

I threw this into the list because I wanted to give you a little exposure to the terminal. Don’t freak out! You’re just going to copy and paste some text so calm your ass down.
First thing you have to do is download Google Earth. To do that, visit this link: http://earth.google.com/download-earth.html

After you agree to the license, you’ll be taken to a new page where an automatic download will begin and ask you what you want to do with a file called GoogleEarthLinux.bin. Simply save this file to your Desktop for now.

Next we’ll need to open up a terminal window. A terminal window is similar to DOS in that it is a Command Line Interface. To open Terminal, do the following:

• Click Applications>Accessories>Terminal

When you first open terminal you’ll be given a prompt where you can enter commands. You also will be sitting in your Home Folder. If you type in the letters “ls” (That’s ls, short for the word “list”, in lowercase), you’ll be shown the files and folders in your home folder. Notice that one of them is called “Desktop”. We need to change our directory so we can run our GoogleEarthLinux.bin file. To do this:

• Type “cd Desktop” (no quotes) and hit enter.

In the world of Linux, everything is case-sensitive, so be sure to capitalize the word “Desktop” in the above command. This command will bring you to your desktop. If you type “ls” again and hit enter, you’ll see the files which reside on your desktop right now. Listed in it somewhere should be the bin file you just downloaded.

Now for the magic!

• In terminal, type: “sh GoogleEarthLinux.bin” (no quotes) and hit enter.

After you press enter, the following window will appear, and begin to install Google Earth for you:

Shortly after the above screen appears, you’ll get another one that says the program successfully installed. You’ll then be given the option to run Google Earth right away. If you don’t want to, you can just click Quit, and start it later by going to Applications>Internet>Google Earth.

Well, that wraps up this little list. There are plenty of other applications out there worth installing, such as Pidgin, Audacity, Avidemux and many more. Most of these programs can be installed using the Add/Remove applet which we used to install our Ubuntu Restricted Extras with. Simply searching for the program will likely produce a result that you can simply check off install with a couple clicks. Sure beats the hell out of looking through a filing cabnet for a software CD or a serial number (see: Windows software).

Oh yeah, one more thing. You can’t have a bad ass operating system without a bad ass wallpaper to go with it:

http://interfacelift.com/wallpaper/index.php?sort=ratings

And here’s another great link for some wallpapers:

http://abduzeedo.com/20-beautiful-hdr-pictures?=main

Have fun with your Ubuntu!

The way Ubuntu Brainstorm works is simple: You can join in by submitting your own ideas about what you think should change or be slightly modified about the current Ubuntu operating system, and then other people can vote for or against your submitted ideas. It works much like Digg does as a social bookmarking website, where users submit multitudes of different things, and the popularity contest begins.

Some good suggestions have already been made, and it is clear that one of the strongest drives held by many of the participants is to find ways to make the OS increasing simpler for new users. One of the most recent suggestions I liked was to get rid of that dreaded GRUB menu and replace it with something more pleasant looking, and less intimidating. There are many other suggestions present on the site. And best of all, you don’t have to be a developer or know a thing about computer programming to make an impressionable suggestion.

So if you’re an Ubuntu user, check this site out and join in helping to make Ubuntu the best OS in the world: http://brainstorm.ubuntu.com/

Here’s the dumb idea I just submitted: http://brainstorm.ubuntu.com/idea/338/

Every single homeless person in the city will be given a life-long phone number and voicemail, should they choose to accept it, NBC11′s Lisa Bernard said.

Google is partnering with San Francisco to provide the service to homeless individuals and to shelters and agencies so they can distribute the numbers to their clients.

The announcement was made at a Project Homeless Connect event at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium Wednesday.

A homeless person will be able to call in for his or her messages from any phone.

The move by the city and the company would allow someone to be able to fill out a job application, which asks for a call back number.

It will allow clinics to share test results.

Mayor Gavin Newsom and Google said they want to empower people.

“How do you communicate as a homeless individual? ” Newsom asked. “How do you expect your life to turn around if you can’t even get information or if someone can’t even get in touch with you?”

“It just seems exactly like any other voice mail,” said Craig Walker, senior project manager of Google. “There’s no stigma attached to it that ‘hey this is a temporary thing’ or ‘this is an 800 number.’ It’s really just a local number owned by the user.”

One man who used to be homeless said the right message can raise the spirit.

“Having your family, friends and loved ones being able to say ‘here I’m thinking about you, I love you, I want you to know you’re mine, and I miss you,’ can have a monumental change in one’s behavior.”

“Providing phone and messaging capabilities and access to vital healthcare is an extraordinary step forward in the city’s commitment to a comprehensive approach to addressing the needs of this vulnerable community,” Newsom said.

“We’re firm believers in the power of technology to improve the daily lives of individuals and communities as a whole, and we recognize that access to phone and voicemail services is one way that Google can help San Francisco’s homeless stay connected with family, friends, social workers, health care providers, and potential employers,” Walker said.

Walker said the program was ready to start right away.

Original article: http://www.nbc11.com/news/15429799/detail.html

So, here we go in short and simple form:

1. Switch your phones USB mode to Data Connection (this is usually on Memory Card mode by default). Connect your phone to your computer after this has been configured correctly.
2. Install wvdial by opening a terminal window (click on Applications>Accessories>Terminal) and then type in “sudo apt-get install wvdial“.
3. Now that your phone is attached to your computer and wvidial is installed, type “sudo wvdialconf” into terminal, and press enter.

The wvdialconf is a useful utility that I failed to use or mention in my previous guide. The wvdialconf utility will probe your computer for modem devices, and upon finding your cell phone and verifying it to be such a device, will test its capabilities. Running this command with “sudo” in front of it will allow the program to create it’s own template configuration file based upon your phones capabilities.

wvdialconf will return you to the terminal prompt once it is completed. The next thing you will need to do is modify the configuration file it just created slightly. To do this, type “sudo gedit /etc/wvdial.conf” into terminal and press enter.

Once it opens, it will probably look something like this:

[Dialer Defaults]
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = USB Modem
; Phone = <Target Phone Number>
ISDN = 0
; Username = <Your Login Name>
Init1 = ATZ
; Password = <Your Password>
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
Baud = 460800

The above configuration file was what was automatically generated by wvdialconf for me after it probed my Motorola K1, so it may look different for you. Note that the Modem = /dev/ttyACM0 as shown above may be detected differently on your PC, especially if you have attached it to your computer/laptop via a wireless bluetooth connection.

If you have a T-Mobile phone, you will want to modify and save the config file so it looks more like this (I”ve highlighted the most important changes in red):

[Dialer Defaults]
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = USB Modem
Phone = *99#
ISDN = 0
Username = user
Init1 = ATZ
Password = pass
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
Baud = 460800

Be sure to remove the semi-colon’s in front of the Username / Password lines. T-mobile authenticates it’s users by their phone number (and likely their phones mac address, so a username and password is not required from them. I’ve had no problem using the username “user” and the password “pass” with T-Mobile’s servers).

If you have a Sprint phone, you will want to modify the file so it looks like this:

[Dialer Defaults]
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = USB Modem
Phone = #777
ISDN = 0
Username = {your phone number}@sprintpcs.com
Init1 = ATZ
Password = {your four digit access code}
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
Baud = 460800
New PPPD = Yes
ISDN = 0

In addition, you will want to do a sudo gedit /etc/ppp/peers in a terminal window and add the following two lines to the file:

lcp-echo-failure 0
lcp-echo-interval 0

If you have a Verizon Wireless device, you will want to make your config file look more like this:

[Dialer Defaults]
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = USB Modem
Phone = #777
ISDN = 0
Username = {your phone number}@vzw3g.com
Init1 = ATZ
Password = vzw
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
Baud = 460800

—–

Once you have modified the configuration file correctly and saved it, you can close it and return to the terminal window. From now on, after your cell phone is connected, all you have to do to initiate the dialing sequence is type “wvdial” into a terminal window and press enter. Closing the terminal window, or hitting CTRL-C while it is open, will terminate your connection.

Like the sprint device, I also don’t have a verizon device handy for testing to see how well the above guide will work. But it is a big step in the right direction for most people. If you use this guide above and have trouble, please contact so we can seek out a better method for your prefered device. I would love to know of your experience with trying this on your computer.

Good luck!

(Note: This blog was appended on Feb. 23, 2008. Information for Sprint phones was added as well as a minor modification to the wvdial.conf for T-Mobile phones example have been made).

I recently took on the challenge of getting an old PC up and running with Xubuntu 7.10. My father recently purchased the T-Mobile Internet package, which allows him to connect his computer to unlimited mobile Internet for $20 a month. Setting this up proved to be easier than I anticipated.

1. The first thing you need to do is change the USB configuration in your phone. On my phone (a Motorola K1) and many other T-Mobile phones, you have to make your default USB connection a data connection. By default, most phones are configured to be in “Memory Card” mode.
2. Next, you need to install a piece of software in Ubuntu called “wvdial“. To do this, click on Applications>Accessories>Terminal. Once your terminal window is open, type in the following: sudo apt-get install wvdial
3. Edit your wvdial.conf file. Type sudo gedit /etc/wvdial.conf in a terminal window to do this.

Once you have your wvdial.conf file open, paste in the following text over all the contents of the file:

[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","internet2.voicestream.com"
Modem Type = USB Modem
Phone = *99***1#
Password = pass
Username = user
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
Baud = 460800

Take note of the “ttyACM0″ part. This may not be the same on your PC. To find out what yours is, attach your phone to your PC, and then type the following into the terminal:

$ dmesg | fgrep acm

You should see something like this returned in the output:

[ 9168.949496] cdc_acm 2-3:1.0: ttyACM0: USB ACM device

This ACM device is your phone, and it is now an accessible piece of hardware. For wvdial to use it, you must make sure the above configuration file points wvdial to the right device name. If the above dmesg output produces a different ttyACM#, change it accordingly to match your PC. (Note, if you don’t get any dmesg results at all, try typing this in first: sudo modprobe cdc_acm).

After your wvdial.conf file is created and you’re sure your Modem = /dev/tty line is correct, save the file and close gedit. Then simply run wvdial from the terminal:

$ wvdial

Wvdial will then access your phone as it is directed to do so by the wvdial.conf file, and essentially dial T-mobiles Internet Service Provider. No real username or password is required for this, so leave the user/pass in the above config file as it is written. You’ll see some output on the screen that looks like this:

user@user-desktop:~$ wvdial
WvDial<*1>: WvDial: Internet dialer version 1.56
WvModem<*1>: Cannot get information for serial port.
WvDial<*1>: Initializing modem.
WvDial<*1>: Sending: AT+CGDCONT=1,”IP”,”wap.voicestream.com”
WvDial Modem<*1>: AT+CGDCONT=1,”IP”,”wap.voicestream.com”
WvDial Modem<*1>: OK
WvDial<*1>: Modem initialized.
WvDial<*1>: Sending: ATDT*99#
WvDial<*1>: Waiting for carrier.
WvDial Modem<*1>: ATDT*99#
WvDial Modem<*1>: CONNECT
WvDial<*1>: Carrier detected. Waiting for prompt.

At this point, the program will pause as it handshakes and establishes a connection using PPP. After about 10 or 20 seconds, the output will continue on and look similar to this:

WvDial<Notice>: Don’t know what to do! Starting pppd and hoping for the best.
WvDial<Notice>: Starting pppd at Thu Jan 17 17:50:28 2008
WvDial<Err>: Warning: Could not modify /etc/ppp/pap-secrets: Permission denied
WvDial<Err>: –> PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) may be flaky.
WvDial<Err>: Warning: Could not modify /etc/ppp/chap-secrets: Permission denied
WvDial<Err>: –> CHAP (Challenge Handshake) may be flaky.
WvDial<Notice>: Pid of pppd: 13530
WvDial<*1>: Using interface ppp0
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ?06][08]?06][08]??[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ?06][08]?06][08]??[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ?06][08]?06][08]??[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ?06][08]?06][08]??[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ?06][08]?06][08]??[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: local IP address 10.38.225.200
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ?06][08]?06][08]??[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: remote IP address 192.168.100.101
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ?06][08]?06][08]??[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: primary DNS address 66.94.9.120
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ?06][08]?06][08]??[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: secondary DNS address 66.94.25.120
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ?06][08]?06][08]??[06][08]

Congrats! You are now connected to the Internet using your cellphone. And all you have to do to establish a connection is open a terminal window and type wvdial.

To end your connection, you can simply close the terminal window containing the above mess, or hit CTRL-C while the terminal window is open. So be careful and don’t close the window by accident, or your connection will be dropped and you’ll have to run wvdial all over again. Oh, the agony of typing that one command over again!!

Anyway, enjoy your T-Mobile Wireless Internet connection! You should see a steady downstream of about 20 to 30 KB per second, which is about 5 times faster than dial up. And it’s unlimited! It’s not DSL or Cable, but that’s still not a bad deal for 20 bucks a month.

Additional Information for Sprint users:

You may need to make your wvdial.conf file look more like this to get your phone to work:

[Dialer Defaults]
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = USB Modem
Phone = #777
ISDN = 0
Username = NONE
Init1 = ATZ
Password = NONE
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
Baud = 460800
Auto DNS = 1
Stupid Mode = 1

In addition, you will want to do a sudo gedit /etc/ppp/peers in a terminal window and add the following two lines to the file:

lcp-echo-failure 0
lcp-echo-interval 0

I do not have a Sprint phone, but according to this guide it is confirm to work on a Sprint Samsung MM-920.

(Note: Contains adult language).

You can download a DVD quality version of this film at this site.

In addition to this is the fact that Google is also deeply involved with the development of their own line of cellular phones, set to run a Linux based operating system called Android. Analysts watching these events unfold suggest Google will make the phones available for use to customers of four major cellular carriers in the US: T-Mobile, Sprint, Verizon and AT&T, operating on already existent frequencies. But I think Google has something up its sleeve…

A Wild Theory

It’s too far away to tell exactly when the first real Google cell phone will be released… which makes things difficult for me because what Google has in mind is a little dependent upon a couple loose events. But, we’ll just have to assume that the first of two events to take place will be the unveiling of their very own cell phone (plus separate Operating System, Android), followed by whatever they do with that 700 MHz radio frequency range, (assuming they actually win at the auction). It is a strong possibility. So let’s assume for now that they will.

Now, let’s go a few years into the future, and “everybody” has their Google phones with their GPS tracking and bar-code scanners and credit-card integration and all that other cool Japaneses madness. Everybody is probably on a contract with their respective service providers, but then one day that contract is going to expire. What will Google be up to around that time? Well…what if they have a new infrastructure comprised of fiber optic backbones and the 700 MHz radio frequency range. With it, they would have the ability to not only provide their own cell phone service, but also wireless Internet service. They’ve done it before on a smaller scale and a different radio frequency. And with the license rights from the FCC, there would be little to stop them in way of using their newly purchased bandwidth to provide a whole new plethora of wireless services to their customers. Best of all? Google may possibly provide services for free in the long run.

So what do we have so far?

• Google has likely purchased fiber optic backbone in and since 2005, and may purchase more if needed.
• Google has interests in providing free public Internet access.
• Google is bidding on the 700 MHz range, likely will acquire it (at least partially, if not entirely).
• Google is working on a new open-source cell phone operating system called Android, and has revealed plans to debut their own line of cell phones with this operating system.
• Google knows how to make a lot of money from scratch.

Well, not exactly scratch. Google makes money through advertisements. Starting with their famous search engine, Google presents “sponsored links” and such that people click on, which affords Google with a commission. Google wants to integrate this sly advertising model into their own mobile devices. Imagine having FREE cell phone or Internet access simply because you use Google. You’re viewing of ads alone is enough to pay for what Google has to pay to bring you access, but you’ll likely do more for them by clicking on ads they present to you.

In the mean time, we will see the Google phone likely make a big impact in the market for intelligent phones and the like. And in the background, Google may be prepping their newly purchased radio frequency range and fiber backbone that your Google phone may be able to get access to once their wireless towers are in place. So people using Sprint via contract may be offered a cheap alternative by Google, and not have to purchase any new hardware in order to use it. Perhaps they won’t even need to purchase anything. Imagine seeing an alert pop-up on your phone one day that says, “Hey, guess what? You can get free cell phone service from Google in 30 days, when you’re contract with Sprint (or whoever) is scheduled to expire! Congratulations!”

Well…just a Wild Theory.

In part one, I briefly talked about the seemingly coincidental similarity between the exponentially increasing complexity of reality in general and the ever quickening development and advancement of electronic technologies (among many other things not mentioned). The Universe (as far as we can tell) began with a sluggish pace that took billions of years of time to go by before molecules could form, later whole solar systems, then life itself, and now the advanced technologies that our own minds have given birth to. So too has the progression of these technologies started off at a sluggish pace with inventions like the wheel thousands of years ago, and then things snowballed from there on. Though the wheel probably wasn’t mans first paradigm-shifting invention. It was more likely to be the club, or some form of weapon used for either hunting or self defense.

So where are all of these technologies going? A more intriguing question might be: Do they have a single unifying purpose? Do the last several thousands of years of technological ingenuity represent a process equivalent to laying a foundation for something greater? Is there some common goal down the road that technology is helping to bring us towards? Scientists of old (or rather, those who are advocates of metaphysical naturalism or accidentalism… in other words, people who prefer to remove awe and wonder out of reality and turn everything into shades of gray; opponents of teleology) would like you to think that there could be no such thing. That the past 13 or 14 some billion years, and the formation of galaxies, our solar system and life as we know it is all a grand accident. An accidentalist would say that you have eyes not because you needed to see, but because you accidentally evolved them into being over the course of several millions of years and your species survived as a result. On the other hand, teleologist would suggest that a species evolved eyes in order to achieve an underlying desire to see and further adapt to its environment.

It is pretty interesting debate…until you notice that the accidentalist argument doesn’t take things such as creativity, the imagination and free will into account. You don’t accidentally invent something purposelessly with no goal in mind. You don’t do or think of anything without some form of goal in mind. I would find it difficult to argue that the computer was invented accidentally. The computer was invented as a result of what you might call “corrective feedback.” That is to say the short comings of a previous technology (or the genetics of a particular life form) were corrected (advanced) with the invention of a better technology based off of the previous generation, or by the combination of two complimentary technologies (or two survival oriented strains of DNA). An early example of this dates back to the addition of a governor being added to the steam engine. Another example might be the changing of skin color as a result of how much sunlight several generations of a particular group of humans are exposed to. Do you get a tan by accident?

Let’s take this notion of teleology, run with it and suggest that the universe and everything in it is goal oriented. It gets really interesting when you apply this philosophy to biology alone and presume the progression of evolution to have a goal of some sort. So what’s the goal of evolution and has it been reached yet? In short, I don’t think the goal has been reached. Some might say the mere existence of the human race seems achievement enough. After all, we are the most intelligent species on this planet if not the whole universe (as far as we have been able to detect). No other species has surpassed us in ability to invent and create new technologies. But this view presumes humans to be the perfected product of evolution at its finite best. Do you think the human race represents the perfected finality of biological evolution? You can’t answer that before attempting to figure out why we evolved into what we are in the first place.

This is where I briefly talk about this “conquest of dimensionality.” What do I mean by that? Well, if you go way back into the dawn of simple life, look at what it was capable of perceiving: jack squat. A single celled organisms or slimes stabilized on clay surfaces at most had practically no sense of the environment around it. They were immobile, had no perception of light or space or time. No ability to conceive of the past, present or future. But through evolution, what you see is the development of sensory preceptors (eyes, ears, the classic 5 senses in other words) and organs of locomotion (arms, legs, fins, etc). And then…there’s the human brain. That one mysterious evolutionary development which we still have no idea how to interpret or make sense of. What we do know about it is it’s probably one of the most complex things in all the universe. (And it’s still evolving).

Out of this brain, over the course of thousands of years, we have worked collectively in one form or another to give birth to social systems, technologies, creative ideas, language (very important), so on and so forth. To what end? Nobody knows for certain just yet, but to answer the question about whether or not the goal of biological evolution under the wing of teleology has been achieved would appear to be a plain and clear NO! Why? Because biology (human biology, anyway) appears to be attempting to find a way to co-evolve with machines, if not become machines. (Enter the Twilight Zone theme song). Why? It’s a strategy for survival.

In part 3: The symbiotic relationships of man and machine — past, present and future.

The Early Days of Wireless Networking

The 1990′s was a period of great excitement for computer hobbyists and nerds alike. Particularly the few who enjoyed building electronic toys on breadboards with little capacitors and microchips from Radio Shack. As rare as such people are, I once knew a man named Rick who had actually built his own serial cable adapter to hook his 66Mhz computer up to a CB radio and use it to send data over the air to someone else with the same setup on their end, using only radio frequencies to transmit data for miles and miles. This little idea of wireless data sharing wasn’t all that ground breaking at the time, mostly because it was SLOWWWW.

Still, it was the early 90′s, and just plain dial-up Internet access was THE wet dream of nerds like myself and the fellow I mentioned above. The Internet came late in the rural area I grew up in, so the next best thing was to connect directly to someone else’s computer via one means or another, usually a phone modem. (I have many very fond memories of playing Duke Nukem with a friend by using our phone lines to dial each others’ computers and start playing head to head. It was a degree more personal, direct, instant and consequently more fun than most of today’s impersonal multi-player games played against strangers, I think, but that’s just my opinion).

Fortunately, dial-up (and later DSL and cable) availability soon swept the nation, and most computer users now had a dependable method to access this so-called Internet. The old lost hobby of transmitting data from one computer wirelessly to another located miles away — seemingly for nothing more than a tiny fraction of your electric bill — became obsolete compared to the fast speed of 14.4 baud modem that was always available (unless you were using the busy-signal service provider AOL). It also had the added benefit of being a network with many millions of regular and increasingly diverse users. Suddenly, you didn’t have to be a student in a university to get access to hundreds of thousands of interesting websites and anybody could get an e-mail address from Yahoo with their very own 2 MB mailbox for free. The Internet was in the early stages of flowering, and many ISP services popped up to offer access for about 20 or 30 bucks a month.

Trying to build your own private network wirelessly with a CB radio wasn’t a bad idea. But if you had tried to do what Rick had done with a CB radio, and attempted to send a file the size of a 3 1/2 floppy over the air, it would have probably of taken at least an hour to send the whole thing. By comparison today, the same file can be downloaded via standard cable Internet in just 2 seconds (even over today’s wireless networks). In fact an increasing number of home users are now installing wireless networks in their homes for the convenience of being able to put their laptop anywhere in the house and get access to the Internet. This makes me wonder: What if the entire Internet were to be rebuilt (theoretically) with wireless radio signals instead of copper and fiber optics? We’ll come back to this idea later…

Net Neutrality

You have probably heard the term Net Neutrality come across the news on occasion, but not really have much of an understanding of what it is. In short, Net Neutrality is exercised when an ISP such as Cox, Road Runner or Comcast refuse to interfere with your Internet bandwidth based upon the types of traffic sent over the wire to your computer. An example of what a non-neutral ISP might do is if they sell their Internet in tiered packages, sold the same way cable companies sell their TV channel packages. You get the standard cable for X dollars, the premium channels for X dollars more, then there’s pay per view, etc. Do you want the Internet to be sold and regulated like that?

(Don’t worry. It’s fake….for now)

The current debate going on in congress is whether or not regulations should be put in place that would prevent companies like Cox or Comcast from establishing such tiered packages. Since the debate was brought to Congress in the middle of 2006, every bill proposed thus far has been killed. In a world where the Internet is packaged and sold under dubious terms and conditions such as limiting which websites you are allowed to visit, you’d soon realize that restricting access in such a manner would brush up against violating the First Ammendment.

One of the overlooked reasons behind cable based ISPs wanting to restrict and split Internet access into more controllable tiers is bandwidth usage by P2P file-sharing protocols such as the popular Bittorrent, which uses an efficient mesh-topology for sharing files. It allows users to upload and download files to each other in “swarms”, spreading the overhead of file transfer across many users at once, instead of relying on one individual to get stuck with the overhead of sending the whole file to multiple users one after another. The end result: You could theoretically share a file with thousands (if not millions) of people in the same amount of time as it used to take to share it with just 2 or 3 users.

(Above: Bittorrent in action, starting with one “seed” and seven “leeches” which all become seeds themselves in the end)

While a majority of Bittorrent traffic on the web is currently used for illegal file-sharing, it is also a technology that is used for legitimate purposes and poses unlimited potential to TV program producers. So much so that large TV networks will inevitably use it to distribute their programs (new value chain = Producer<Advertiser), instead of through tradition means (Producer<Distributor<Broadcaster<Advertiser); effectively cutting out middle men like Direct TV or Cox and replacing them with the Internet in general. The term used to describe TV distributed via Bittorrent or similar file sharing protocols is called “hyper distribution,” and it’s a threat Cable companies are attempting to squash.

So what do you do when your ISP starts to block your downloads when ABC start to distribute Desperate Housewives over the Internet for free? Well, you’d do the natural thing, and choose a competing ISP who doesn’t filter your traffic… But what if that wasn’t a very easy thing to do? In a world where you are forced to seek out an alternative method of accessing an uncensored Internet, it might be difficult to find an outlet. Because if one ISP practices such traffic filtering, what would stop others from following suit in some form? What if DSL Internet access suddenly cost a lot more money so you could access and download legitimate, legal torrent files? What then?

Municipal Wireless Internet

There are many metropolitan areas in the US that have established or are attempting to build what is called a Municipal Broadband Wireless Internet. This is essentially a government supported infrastructure that allows anyone in the public free or low-cost wireless Internet access from anywhere within city limits. You could be sitting on a park bench reading Yahoo News for instance and it would be paid for by tax dollars. The flaw with this setup (from an Orwellian perspective) is that it was built by the government, or at least heavily subsidized by it. This defaults to them the ability to regulate and/or monitor that particular avenue of Internet access more quickly and at their discretion. After all, they built it via tax dollars you gave them in the first place, which governments like ours so often use in our best interests… right?

Enter Orwell’s Internet (Tinfoil hats optional)

At this point I will attempt to introduce elements of a hypothetical scenario that George Orwell would have likely written into his classic novel 1984 had he known the Internet would exist on such a global scale as it does today. Granted, it is hard to picture what such a world would be like — where the information you are allowed to download to your computer is sanctioned and closely monitored by your own government. But all you have to do is look at the many places in the world that actually practice heavy Internet censorship, like China or Burma, to see that such restrictions exist in many places and are very scary to think about.

Could such restrictions and unwarranted surveillance be visited upon the general public here in America? To a degree, it already does occur, though it’s exercised under the banner of national security and anti-terrorism efforts. There is a remote possibility that it could get a lot worse, but that strongly depends on the public’s misunderstanding about topics like Net Neutrality, combined with the heavy lobbying efforts put forth by the nations largest media corporations, not to mention who ever happens to be President at the time and what the FCC has to say about it. So what I’d like to bring up is this remote possibility of such intense government regulations over the Internet taking place, and why such a scenario would never actually fly if it were implemented in the US.

So far I’ve touched base on the boom of the Internet, followed by Net Neutrality and now the dawn of Municipal WiFi, with a warning that it’s not so delightful a thing in a typical Orwellian dystopia: Googleing the word “democracy” would get you no search results. Personal privacy would be complete fantasy, everybody would be their own brothers policeman, so on and so forth. You’d be surprised what a government might be able to get its own citizens to do with enough fear propaganda. Ask any German who lived when Hitler was in power, or anyone from China who is accustomed to reading state sanctioned “news.”

Fortunately, things are much better off for us today. We have an Internet that is still very very neutral and open and booming. Blogging and alternative channels of news are replacing mainstream news, and criticism of the Iraq war and our current President (for instance) are at an all time high. I believe the Internet is the primary reason for such rapid disapproval percentages. Back in the days of Vietnam, you didn’t see hundreds of thousands of people protesting in the streets of New York before the invasion. You didn’t see approval ratings of the war and the president drop until after 20,000 of our men were killed. And you likely didn’t hear any open commentary on the TV about whether or not the Gulf of Tonkin Incident had actually occurred, since such news was dictated down to the media by the government, who simply transcribed and repeated the line. Why? Well, probably because the Internet as we know it today didn’t exist, nor anything like it at that time.

Now the tables are turned, as there is an infinite choice of outlets to get information at the click of a mouse. The Internet isn’t just a great resource for finding information, but also for finding diverse opinions, instead of canned opinions espoused by pundits. You see, news papers and TV stations and magazines are essentially owned by their advertisers. That doesn’t sound quite right at first but that’s the way it’s always been in the mainstream. What you see reported or discussed on TV is strongly influenced by the money that is coming in from advertisers. If a news report holds a potential for dramatically affecting the bottom line of a company that pays the news outlet money to advertise, it might choose to take it’s money elsewhere, lest the news outlet leave certain bits out, or drop a story all together. The increased use of the Internet for gathering and cross-referencing the veracity behind a headline or article or even an opinionated blog (like this one) is a sign of great change in our culture. Whether it be by leaving a comment, starting their own blog, using Digg to bring attention to something important, organizing a grassroots organization, whatever, the bottom line is the public now feels an increased sense of empowerment and participation and ability to be more involved with political movements.

But what if access were suddenly limited? What if, in a perfect George Orwell dystopia, the Internet as we know it died, and was replaced with one where public dissent is censored, its authors secretly jailed, and all the rest that goes with living within an absolute monarchy? How might a freedom-willed public which has roots going back to the Constitution or Bill of Rights counter act such an anti-democratic place when the most popular form of communication is swept out from under them and controlled by some invisible overlord?

Wireless Darknet

Remember Rick? The guy who had successfully sent data to someone else using a computer and his own CB radio? We’ve come a long way from that kind of technology. Today, we have Wireless B and G, soon to be Wireless N, and others yet to be invented. Wireless N is pretty noteworthy as it will be able to go about 4-8 times faster than Wireless G. Let’s put this in perspective. The average cable modem can download ~5 megabits of data per second and upload ~0.60 per second. Wireless N is capable of uploading and downloading ~240 Megabits per second simultaneously. That’s 48 times faster than cable!

Now, think back on how Bittorrent works. Every person (or node) on the network uploads and downloads to a few other people simultaneously as a collective swarm. This is called a mesh-topology, where each users acts as a client/server and pseudo-router at the same time. Lets say you were to build a network of a few thousand computers on a Wireless N backbone, combining the bandwidth of all nodes together, and you’d have yourself one damn fast network of computers. Those computers could all share their own resources with each other if they wish, such as files or other networks they’re connected to that are off the grid (such as the “real” Internet), acting as a source or simply an intermediary between two points.

So what does Orwell have to say about all this? Well, he’d probably pipe up and start asking about security. If your data is being transmitted over the web through dozens, if not thousands of other computers in the public, whats keeping someone from capturing your data out of the air and stealing information from you? The same question could be asked about the Internet as it exists today, but doesn’t come up much because you’re supposed to trust your ISP not to spy on you. One answer to this problem is strong encryption. In addition, cypher keys could shift at random intervals, making the task of locking onto one for the purposes of exploiting it extremely difficult, if not entirely pointless.

There are obviously more details and concerns that arise from attempting to build such a wireless darknet of sorts, but simply knowing that you could easily get it off the ground with the right software speaks volumes. Especially to the millions of people in America who already own wireless adapters on their home PC’s and Laptops. You theoretically wouldn’t even have to purchase any new hardware; it’s already in place if you live in the right neighborhood. The difference would be in how you use it, and a simple piece of software could take care of that.

The idea of a wireless darknet being built in a country where Internet censorship is exercised is not new, just unconventional for us at the moment. However, China is one country that has all the right ingredients for seeing such a technology take off: high-tech culture, dictatorship, aggressive suppression of political dissent, and most importantly a high population density. Now all they need is a little motivation. It doesn’t take much for us Americans to get motivated though. We’d more likely embrace a darknet of sorts simply to save a lot of money than we would to read the news or post a blog. Nevertheless, it is an option we have at our disposal.

But that’s a little ways down the road in the future. What I’d like to focus on in this blog is the past, how we got here and how technology and its own evolution has coincided with the evolution of everything else in reality. This perspective requires you to be open to the theory of biological evolution and the age of the universe being in the billions of years (and not just a few thousand). If this is hard for you to do, that’s ok. A long time ago, people once believed the earth was flat and that the sun orbited us! (No kidding). Then Galileo and Copernicus came along to help clear up all that non-sense, though it took a while before everybody could calm down and accept their poignant observations as fact.

So lets presume the universe to be something close to 13 or 14 billion years old, and that it all started with this so-called Big Bang; a theoretical event which basically says the universe sprang forth from nothing for no reason in a single instant. A hard swallow, really. Science basically said, “Give us one free miracle and we will roll from there.” God could of well have stopped by and said, “Let there be light…” Same result in the end, more or less…

Everything in existence at that point in time was in the simplest form of matter; a super hot plasma. But then, after a few billion years, things began to cool and collect into what would later form atomic nuclei, and electrons could settle in to stable orbits. Getting cooler, the chemical and hydrogen bonds form (the basis of biology). So far, you can see that as the universe aged, it complexified ever so gradually creating newer more complex foundations for even more complex systems to emerge out of. Going through time in fast forward you would see a progression of foundations be laid one on another: Atomic Systems > Chemical Systems > Covalent Hydrogen Bond > Carbon Bond > Complex Chemistry that is pre-biotic or organic > macro-physical systems that we call membranes, gels, charge-transfer complexes > simple life (prokaryotes, un-nucleated DNA) > eukaryote, nucleated cells, complex colonies of cells > cell specialization > higher animals > social animals > complex social systems > technologies > globe-girdling electronically-based information-transfer-oriented-cultures, like ourselves. Whew!

Your own senses can confirm this feeling of all things getting more complex more quickly, and electronic technology is literally on the cutting edge of whatever new paradigm awaits our serendipitous discovery. But what’s more shocking is the realization that each progression and newer level of complexity arises at an accelerated, exponential rate.

Moore’s Law is often referenced as a general method of predicting how fast computer CPU’s are able to go in the future, in terms of clock cycles. The funny thing about this estimation (which is based partially upon previous and present technologies) is that it tends to create a upwardly curved line, indicating to us that the further you go, the faster newer forms of technology develop. And at this time there is no indication for such a trend or pattern of progression to ever slow down. The recent advancements made in the area of Quantum Computing seems to secure this telescopic tendency, as it is a precursor of something much larger than we’re willing pause and think about right now. It all just sounds too sci-fi for most of us. Then again, the computer itself was once an idea thought too ridiculous to pay much attention to. Yet here we are with our cell phones, Internet, e-mail and microwavable pizza.

You know, I don’t think it would be so naive to suggest that the coming advances in the realm of technology and life in general are actually the things we most often dismiss as never being able to achieve. I think it’s more naive to rule out such “impossibilities” based on dated scientific conventions, than it would be to say: “It’s not so much a matter of how or why, but when.” Although day-dreaming about the “why” part is still great fun.

I mentioned biology earlier with the intention of tying it in with technology. I’ll attempt to expand on that connection in my next blog, but here’s a spoiler for you: Biological Evolution is about a kind of conquest of dimensionality and modern technology is helping to extend and expand this conquest.

See you next week!